Moving in or Breaking Up? The Role of Distance in the Development of Romantic Relationships

Most romantic relationships start with a living apart together (LAT) phase during which the partners live in two separate households. Over time, a couple might decide to move in together, to separate, or to remain together while maintaining their nonresidential status. This study investigates the competing risks that partners in a LAT relationship will experience the transition to coresidence or to separation. We consider the amount of time LAT partners have to travel to see each other to be a key determinant of relationship development. For our statistical analyses, we use seven waves of the German Family Panel Pairfam (2008/2009–2014/2015) and analyze couples in the age group 20–40 years. We distinguish between short-distance relationships (the partners have to travel less than one hour) and long-distance relationships (the partners have to travel one hour or more). Estimating a competing risks model, we find that couples in long-distance relationships are more likely to separate than those living in close proximity. By contrast, the probability of experiencing a transition to coresidence is lower for LAT couples in long-distance than for those in short-distance relationships. Interaction analyses reveal that distance seems to be irrelevant for the relationship development of couples with two nonemployed (unemployed, in education or other inactive) partners.     

新制度政治学中的正式和非正式制度

本文在概括分析新制度政治学对制度的理解的基础上,主要探讨在政治组织分析中的正式制度及其特性、非正式制度及其特性和两者之间的互动关系。正式和非正式制度是一种补充或替代的关系,正式制度影响非正式制度的运作轨迹,非正式制度也强烈影响着正式制度的政治功能;两者紧密结合时是一种补充关系,两者相分离时是一种替代关系。本文还尝试为新制度政治学的基础前景提供见解。     

《梨园春》成功散论

许多年来,电视戏曲节目面临困境。河南电视台办起了以豫剧为主的戏剧节目《梨园春》,并逐渐使其成长为名牌栏目,取得了巨大的成功。《梨园春》的成功是多种因素综合作用的结果,迄今为止的研究从品牌构建、突出的文化特色等方面总结了《梨园春》成功的原因。     

基于模糊理论的R&D员工创新绩效评价模型

针对员工绩效评价模型中存在的忽视基础条件、衡量绝对绩效、缺乏相对标准、过分关注短期绩效等问题,依据创新本身特征与R&D员工绩效的特点,设计了能够有效反映企业R&D员工努力程度与潜力水平的创新绩效评价指标体系。将创新绩效作为评价主体,构建了基于模糊理论的能够客观综合度量R&D员工创新绩效的评价模型。将模型应用于某大型制造企业300名R&D员工的样本中,综合评价出每一名员工的努力指数、潜力指数、优秀程度与不良程度,作为企业全面评价R&D员工绩效的基础数据。     

The how and why of a firm’s approach to CSR and sustainability: a case study of a large European company

This paper aims to analyse “how” and “why” a company engages in CSR and sustainability. The “how” concerns the features of the firm’s CSR and sustainability approach, defined in terms of a firm’s strategy (implemented issues, initiatives and activities) and organization (organizational structures and roles and managerial systems adopted). The “why” refers to the key determinants, both internal and external, of CSR and sustainability. Finally, how the firm’s CSR and sustainability approach evolves over time and the relation between CSR determinants in various stages of the CSR evolutionary path are also investigated. The research method is based on the longitudinal analysis of a case study concerning a large multinational company operating in the telecommunications industry in Europe. The analysis of the case study shows that sub-cultural differences in the approach to CSR and sustainability may occur across hierarchical levels and functional units. Moreover, embedding CSR and sustainability principles doesn’t follow a linear and continuous process, made by sequential stages. Indeed, it can be characterized by an up and down evolutionary path, based on different stages with a changing emphasis given to CSR and sustainability issues. Finally, we find that the firm CSR and sustainability approach is not an autonomous choice, but it is a consequence of the contingent role played by both the external and the internal drivers and by their relative importance during the company’s CSR history.     

Explaining the demand for structured financial products: survey and field experiment evidence

In many countries structured investment products are popular among retail investors. We explain the demand for these products using unique field data where we let subjects freely design their “favorite” structured product. Results suggest that the supply with capital protected products (guarantee certificates) might indeed be demand-driven. This does not seem to be the case for other product categories where marketing and sales practices might play a more important role. In a survey among financial practitioners we find furthermore that a demand for capital protected products can be explained by loss aversion and saving motifs, e.g. for buying a house.     

基于B2C电子商务平台的营销策略对折中效应的影响研究

本文以B2C电子商务平台为依托,着重针对商家营销策略对消费者选择商品时所表现出的折中效应的影响进行研究。在对消费者网络购物中选择不同类型商品时是否存在折中效应进行检验的基础上,分类探讨了不同类型营销策略对不同类型商品折中效应的影响。结果显示,消费者在购买便利品或购物品时都表现出折中效应;且价格策略和促销策略都会弱化消费者选择便利品或购物品时所表现出的折中效应;相对购物品,消费者在购买便利品时,两类营销策略对折中效应的影响程度更大;当消费者购买便利品时,与促销策略相比,价格策略会在更大程度上影响折中效应。基于以上分析,B2C商家应加大对便利品销售采取价格策略的频率和力度;提高提示性、比较性信息的可信度。     

带有潜变量的结构方程模型在突发事件应急管理中的应用

如何使事件与机构挂钩是突发事件应急管理中的一个重要问题;通过带有潜变量的结构方程模型能够建立起事件与机构之间的定量联系,从而为进一步对机构作评价和制定考核标准提供依据。     

Zum Einfluss der Inhaberführung auf die Betriebsrat-Geschäftsführer-Beziehung – Eine theoretische und empirische Analyse in mittelständischen Unternehmen

This paper examines the quality of the relationship between business managements and works councils in small and medium-sized enterprises and strives for answering the question, which factors determine the quality. As ownership is an important determining factor of the establishment of works councils in small and medium-sized businesses, especially the impact of ownership on this relationship has been investigated. Agency theory and stewardship theory give hints that the owner management can have different impacts on this relationship. In order to test these contradictory hypotheses we have estimated a Heckman selection model to investigate which factors determine the quality of the relationship between business managements and works councils. Our results based on data generated from a survey in small and medium-sized enterprises conducted by the IfM Bonn in the years 2005 and 2006 indicate that ownership has a negative influence on the establishment of works councils, but a positive one on the quality of the relationship between business management and works council. Thus, the hypotheses predicting the existence of stewardship behaviour among owners and the existence of agency behaviour among managers can be confirmed.