Left Behind by Parents in China: Internal Migration and Adolescents’ Well-Being

This study investigates how growing up as a left-behind child due to parents’ labor migration in China is associated with adolescents’ cognitive and socioemotional development, based on data from the China Family Panel Studies. We find that adolescents do worst when both parents are absent in all developmental indicators we examined: short-term and long-term word recall tests, numeracy test, self-concept, and self-expectation of educational attainment. However, the differences between left-behind children and those in rural two-parent families are not statistically significant. Left-behind adolescents do have significantly lower well-being than those in urban two-parent families. These differences can largely be accounted for by father's education, family spending on the adolescent's education, quality of parenting, and the social support available to an adolescent. The gap in Chinese adolescents' development is, thus, not so much related directly to how many parents one grows up with as it is to whether one grows up in a rural or urban environment.     

滇越边民跨国流动与社会稳定研究——基于国家、地方与边民的视角

血缘关系使滇越边民频交簌往在中越两国边境,影响着国家疆域的巩固和边疆民族社会秩序的稳定。国家安边守土的治国思路,使边民得到惠施的同时,也为边商创造了跨境从商的机会。边商的边境从商行为又为两地边民务工创设下良好环境,进而泛化滇越边民的跨国越境行为,滇越边境的正常社会秩序面临更大挑战。维稳滇越边境关键在于国家、地方和边民三者之间构织起一个有序的会通和并接环境。     

构建和谐民族地区的社会保障制度建设探讨

民族地区现行社会保障制度尚不健全、覆盖面小、整体水平低、管理不规范、立法滞后,与全面建设小康社会、构建社会主义和谐社会和建设社会主义新农村的需求不相适应。构建和谐民族地区的社会保障制度,则应坚持以科学发展观为指导,坚持从各族群众迫切需要解决的领域建立健全社会保障制度,统筹社保体系完善与资本市场培育,构建社会统筹与个人账户相对独立的新型关系,建立健全社会保障基金保值增值长效机制,坚持农村与城市社会保障制度统筹建设、协调推进,进一步重视提高社会保障制度的运行效率,积极推进社会保障制度和措施的法制化。     

凹型收益率曲线与中等教育投资"瓶颈":对童工的另一种解释

对于童工问题,以往的研究大多以童工本人或其家庭、学校和市场环境作为分析对象,强调贫困对儿童教育的伤害,忽视了教育本身对于受教育者的经济意义,尤其是教育作为一种人力资本投资在经济上的合理性.本文的分析表明,对落后地区的家庭而言,由于中等教育阶段的成本增加而收益下降,使得其收益率较低,缺乏投资上的吸引力,进而导致失学和童工问题.鉴于问题的复杂性,必须将各种法规和措施结合在一起,综合治理,降低贫困家庭中等教育的成本,才有可能突破这一"瓶颈",最终减少和消除童工.     

大学生犯罪情况、原因及防范研究——基于近五年550例裁判文书的统计分析

通过对近5年大学生犯罪案件裁判文书的梳理发现:大学生犯罪数量呈上升趋势,犯罪案件类型广泛、多元,犯罪已经不再局限于几种罪名;大学生犯罪被判处刑罚多为6个月以上3年以下有期徒刑,但也不乏重刑.大学生涉嫌犯罪的原因主要有:大学生家长犯罪,而大学生未能制止并参与;对违法犯罪后果的严重性认识不足被他人利用;和他人发生争执不能妥...     

食品安检专业开设动物病理学课程的改革与探索

本文从专业现状及教学中存在的问题,对食品安检专业开设动物病理学课程的教学改革相关问题进行阐述,为全面培养高素质的食品安检专业人才提供经验。     

Asymptotically optimal policy for stochastic job shop scheduling problem to minimize makespan

This paper studies the large-scale stochastic job shop scheduling problem with general number of similar jobs, where the processing times of the same step are independently drawn from a known probability distribution, and the objective is to minimize the makespan. For the stochastic problem, we introduce the fluid relaxation of its deterministic counterpart, and define a fluid schedule for the fluid relaxation. By tracking the fluid schedule, a policy is proposed for the stochastic job shop scheduling problem. The expected value of the gap between the solution produced by the policy and the optimal solution is proved to be O(1), which indicates the policy is asymptotically optimal in expectation.     

Invisible computer for collaborative design: evaluation of a multimodal sketch-based environment

In the areas of design, especially in architectural design, collaboration has become an important challenge. The specialization of skills increase, work teams are more and more extensive and the geographic distance between them increases too. The economic and ecological stakes related to remote collaboration are an evidence. This context involves the need to support most efficiently possible remote working meetings. We present the Distributed Collaborative Digital Studio (DSDC), a tool designed to recreate, in distant situations, the context of copresence meetings. This shared environment is created in the "invisible computer" approach [11]. The idea is that the tool should disappear from user's consciousness. Indeed, creative design activities require some fluidity in their process. Therefore, any involuntary interruption created by the system can potentially brake creativity. In this perspective, we investigate specifically the "invisibility" of our environment. To do this, we propose a framework for the operationalization of the concept and a methodology to test the system invisibility. This methodology was applied through a case study consisting of a corpus of 12 hours of remote collaborative design sessions with the DSDC. We highlight the learning effects while using our system, conclude on its effectiveness and discuss our methodology.     

Being a desirable migrant: perception and racialisation of Icelandic migrants in Norway

In the aftermath of the financial crisis that hit Iceland in October 2008, increased numbers of Icelanders migrated to Norway to seek employment due to difficult economic circumstances in Iceland. Using critical perspectives from postcolonial studies and critical whiteness studies, the paper explores how these Icelandic migrants in Norway make sense of their new position as economic migrants within a global economy characterised by a growing sense of precariousness, while past inequalities and racism continue to matter. We also examine how these migrants are perceived in Norwegian media, and how social discourses of Icelandic migrants reflect larger Norwegian debates on racism, desirability and cultural belonging. Media discourses in Norway and interviews with Icelandic migrants reveal a hierarchy of acceptability of migrants. Icelanders are positioned as highly desirable compared to other migrant groups due to the intersection of perceived racial belonging, nationality and class. Our discussion contributes, furthermore, towards a critical analysis of the category migrant, by exploring how the term immigrant (innvandrer/innflytjandi) is used in narratives of Icelandic migrants in Norway and in Norwegian media discussions, showing the negative and racialised connotations of the term immigrant and how its understanding is linked with vulnerable positions and discrimination.     

A lower bound for the adaptive two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem

Adaptive two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem (A2E-CVRP) proposed in this paper is a variant of the classical 2E-CVRP. Comparing to 2E-CVRP, A2E-CVRP has multiple depots and allows the vehicles to serve customers directly from the depots. Hence, it has more efficient solution and adapt to real-world environment. This paper gives a mathematical formulation for A2E-CVRP and derives a lower bound for it. The lower bound is used for deriving an upper bound subsequently, which is also an approximate solution of A2E-CVRP. Computational results on benchmark instances show that the A2E-CVRP outperforms the classical 2E-CVRP in the costs of routes.