对外开放对中国收入分配的影响——“南方谈话”和“入世”后效果的实证检验

对外开放促进了劳动力流动,从而也影响了中国的收入分配,但其对不同类型劳动者收入的影响不尽相同。使用1988—2008年个人和家庭层面的微观数据,采用分位数回归方法,以1992年邓小平"南方谈话"和2001年中国加入世界贸易组织("入世")两大重要事件作为衡量对外开放的外生变量,实证检验对外开放对中国收入分配的影响,可以发现:对外开放对收入差距的影响在不同时期有所差异,对城市与农村的影响也截然不同。就"南方谈话"后的第一阶段对外开放而言,其在一定程度上缩小了总体和城市内部的收入差距;就"入世"后的第二个阶段对外开放而言,其对总体收入差距的影响并不显著。"入世"拉大了城市高端和中端收入群体的收入差距,但也带来了农村居民收入的提高,从而在某种程度上缓解了总体收入差距的扩大。     

加快推进现代农业发展对策的探讨

通过几年的探索,我市现代农业建设取得了明显成效。但我市发展现代农业还存在不少问题和薄弱环节,只有找准薄弱环节、克服不利因素、解决突出问题,才能够加快现代农业发展步伐,扎实推进社会主义新农村建设。     

经济体制变迁中的关系、关系异化与关系演进

主流经济理论之所以难以解释深受儒家文化影响的国家或地区的经济现象,主要原因就是它忽视了华人社会中经济个体或群体之间先天承继和后天形成的关系的巨大作用。然而,华人社会中的关系并非与生俱来地具有降低经济不确定性、作为替代正式制度的非正式制度安排和资源配置的功能,当且仅当这种原初关系异化为工具性关系之后,这些功能才得以发挥并对华人社会的经济产生重大影响。而这种异化的充分条件是资源稀缺性和欲望无限性之间的矛盾与制度漏洞的共同作用,二者缺一不可。并且,原初关系、工具性关系和市场化关系随着经济体制由自然经济向计划经济,再向市场经济体制的变迁过程而协同演进,从而为经济转型研究提供了一个粗略的分析视角和框架。     

寄庐刘衍文先生评点钱仲联《清诗精华录》述略——兼谈刘先生以诗法为中心的清诗观

《清诗精华录》是钱仲联先生晚年精心选注的一部清诗总集,幸得刘衍文先生评点。评点中又尽显两家清诗观的不同。本文着重介绍的刘先生重鉴赏、重清中叶诗的方家之见,较陈衍、汪辟疆的相关论述为细,而与钱锺书为近。五家皆为清诗研究的前辈大家。     

China’s flexible overseas food strategy: food trade and agricultural investment between Southeast Asia and China in 1990–2015

Using the UN Comtrade database and multiple sources of agricultural investment data, this paper outlines the emerging patterns of food trade and agricultural investment between Southeast Asian countries and China. The paper shows that China has adopted a flexible overseas food strategy. First, China has increased food export and shifted its food trade with Southeast Asia from a dependent relationship towards a complementary relationship at the regional level in recent years. Second, China tends to adapt to the existing conditions of food production and trade in Southeast Asian countries instead of fundamentally altering them. Finally, Chinese overseas agricultural investment is less driven by domestic food demand but more oriented for profit making, and this gives it flexibility in diversifying investment. An adequate understanding of China’s flexible food strategy in bilateral and multilateral relationships holds implications for global food security.     

大学生另类行为思考

当代大学生群体中突出存在着语言另类、穿着另类、示爱另类、宠物另类、节日另类等另类行为。创新性思维发展、情感的冲动和波动性、自制力较差、追求个性释放与叛逆性格以及排解心理压力的需要等心理因素是其根源所在。对另类行为,我们既不可全盘肯定,也不能一味否定,而应给以适当的引导,使其真正体现大学生的个性差异和个性发展。     

大众文化对青少年闲暇生活的影响

20世纪末,中国社会文化经历着一场深刻的转向,大众文化的流行颠履了经典的生活方式、行为习惯、思维方式、审美情趣和价值观念,时尚文化、消费文化、快餐文化、娱乐文化对青少年的闲暇生活产生了重要的影响,开展闲暇教育,成为一个顺应时代发展要求的必然课题。     

On extreme order statistics from heterogeneous beta distributions with applications

This paper treats the problem of stochastic comparisons for the extreme order statistics arising from heterogeneous beta distributions. Some sufficient conditions involved in majorization-type partial orders are provided for comparing the extreme order statistics in the sense of various magnitude orderings including the likelihood ratio order, the reversed hazard rate order, the usual stochastic order, and the usual multivariate stochastic order. The results established here strengthen and extend those including Kochar and Xu (2007 Kochar, S.C., Xu, M. (2007). Stochastic comparisons of parallel systems when components have proportional hazard rates. Probab. Eng. Inf. Sci. 21:597–609.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Mao and Hu (2010 Mao, T., Hu, T. (2010). Equivalent characterizations on orderings of order statistics and sample ranges. Probab. Eng. Inf. Sci. 24:245–262.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Balakrishnan et al. (2014 Balakrishnan, N., Barmalzan, G., Haidari, A. (2014). On usual multivariate stochastic ordering of order statistics from heterogeneous beta variables. J. Multivariate Anal. 127:147–150.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), and Torrado (2015 Torrado, N. (2015). On magnitude orderings between smallest order statistics from heterogeneous beta distributions. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 426:824–838.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). A real application in system assembly and some numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the theoretical results.     

The Bayes rule of the variance parameter of the hierarchical normal and inverse gamma model under Stein's loss

For the variance parameter of the hierarchical normal and inverse gamma model, we analytically calculate the Bayes rule (estimator) with respect to a prior distribution IG (alpha, beta) under Stein's loss function. This estimator minimizes the posterior expected Stein's loss (PESL). We also analytically calculate the Bayes rule and the PESL under the squared error loss. Finally, the numerical simulations exemplify that the PESLs depend only on alpha and the number of observations. The Bayes rules and PESLs under Stein's loss are unanimously smaller than those under the squared error loss.     

Penalised spline estimation for generalised partially linear single-index models

Generalised linear models are frequently used in modeling the relationship of the response variable from the general exponential family with a set of predictor variables, where a linear combination of predictors is linked to the mean of the response variable. We propose a penalised spline (P-spline) estimation for generalised partially linear single-index models, which extend the generalised linear models to include nonlinear effect for some predictors. The proposed models can allow flexible dependence on some predictors while overcome the “curse of dimensionality”. We investigate the P-spline profile likelihood estimation using the readily available R package mgcv, leading to straightforward computation. Simulation studies are considered under various link functions. In addition, we examine different choices of smoothing parameters. Simulation results and real data applications show effectiveness of the proposed approach. Finally, some large sample properties are established.