《利维坦》中国家主权与个人自我保存权之间的张力

在《利维坦》中,国家主权与个人自我保存权是两个核心概念。出于维护个人自我保存权的目的,霍布斯构建出一个强有力的国家主权。但是,国家主权和自我保存权之间却存在着严重的张力:一方面,不受制约的国家主权必然导致主权者权力的滥用,进而会侵害个人的自我保存权;另一方面,对个人自我保存权的过分强调使臣民对抗法律和主权具有了道义上的依据,这势必损毁国家主权的基础。《利维坦》中逻辑困境的症结在于:一方面,霍布斯没有把主权的至高无上与治权的应受制约区分开来;另一方面,霍布斯对于自然状态下与国家状态下的自我保存权未作应有的区分。     

The Relationships between Activity and Quality of Life for Older Men and Women at Different Ages in Taiwan

This study investigated the relationships between types of activity and quality of life (QOL) for older men and women at different ages. Based on cross-sectional data that included 220 community-dwelling elderly persons aged 65 and older in southern Taiwan, the results showed that the participation rates in many activities declined with age for both genders. Social activity and solitary leisure activity were significantly associated with QOL for old-old men, but not for young-old men. Only social activity was significantly associated with QOL for young-old women, but there was no significant association between any activity and QOL for old-old women.     

与国际行政法的产生有关的几个基本问题——基于全球化、全球治理的视角

全球治理的提出源于全球化的推动,而全球治理的提出及实践则使国际行政法的产生、形成成为可能。具体而言,全球公民社会的兴起与国际非政府组织的发展是国际行政法产生的两个现实驱动因素。国际行政法的产生路径可总结为"自下而上"和"自上而下"的路径。国际行政法具有区别于国内行政法的若干明显特征,国际层面相比国内层面的很多特殊性也使得国际行政法的体系化发展面临诸多挑战。这些问题虽然不能忽视,但它们也并非不可克服。虽然国际行政法不如国内行政法成熟,但是如能改进合法性,便能够将超国家机构的全球治理职能发挥得更好。全球治理语境下国际行政法体系的产生、形成是一种历史的必然趋势。     

A revisit to test the equality of variances of several populations

We revisit the problem of testing homoscedasticity (or, equality of variances) of several normal populations which has applications in many statistical analyses, including design of experiments. The standard text books and widely used statistical packages propose a few popular tests including Bartlett's test, Levene's test and a few adjustments of the latter. Apparently, the popularity of these tests have been based on limited simulation study carried out a few decades ago. The traditional tests, including the classical likelihood ratio test (LRT), are asymptotic in nature, and hence do not perform well for small sample sizes. In this paper we propose a simple parametric bootstrap (PB) modification of the LRT, and compare it against the other popular tests as well as their PB versions in terms of size and power. Our comprehensive simulation study bursts some popularly held myths about the commonly used tests and sheds some new light on this important problem. Though most popular statistical software/packages suggest using Bartlette's test, Levene's test, or modified Levene's test among a few others, our extensive simulation study, carried out under both the normal model as well as several non-normal models clearly shows that a PB version of the modified Levene's test (which does not use the F-distribution cut-off point as its critical value), and Loh's exact test are the “best” performers in terms of overall size as well as power.     

中越边境跨境非婚生子女的心理健康状况分析

采用问卷法,对中越边境地区跨境非婚生子女进行心理健康状况测查.结果表明,中越边境地区跨境非婚生子女总体心理健康水平低于国内其他一些中小学生群体,心理健康问题严重;女孩的恐怖倾向极其显著且高于男孩;中学生过敏倾向、对人焦虑显著高于小学生;父母是否外出打工对孩子心理健康的影响不显著;住校孩子的自责倾向、过敏倾向显著高于不住校的孩子;排行中间的孩子心理健康状况最差,排行对孩子自责倾向、身体症状影响显著.政府、学校要重视对这群特殊孩子的心理援助.     

论新时期电影中女性情欲的政治表述

在倡导生产伦理的主导政治的影响下，新时期电影中的女性情欲话语依然内含着某种变形后的政治动员机制，它们或以情欲展演完成政治神话的表述，或以情欲规划引导观众的利比多流向。然而，新时期电影所获得的半自律性生存空间，使得越轨的银幕女体情欲展演亦拥有其存活土壤，它们与主导政治文化之间既有共谋亦有背离。     

论高校学生团干部的素质及培养

学生团干部是高校共青团工作的主干力量,是各项学生活动的策划者、组织者和执行者.他们的素质高低直接关系到整个学校共青团工作的水平和质量.文章就高校学生团干部的四项素质进行了论述,并就其培养途径进行了探讨.     

电视相亲节目的同质化因素与异质性创新研究

作为一种为未婚男女提供电视相亲平台的节目类型，电视相亲节目不仅创造了收视奇迹，为两情相悦的男女嘉宾提供配对成功的良机，而且在中国当下社会文化语境中，还延伸到婚恋观念、个人价值、人际交往、家庭关系等话题，甚至涉及社会思想、文化等方面，成为中国电视文化50多年来的一个较有特色的节目类型。在一种比较研究的视野下，结合历史研究、作品研究、类型研究、文化研究等方式，研寻中国电视相亲节目的同质化与异质性，从而透析它们在产品定位、叙事规则、营销手段等方面表现出来的同质化倾向与差异性发展策略。     

基于SSL协议安全通信原理与实现

SSL(Secure Sockets Layer)是用于web的安全通信标准.被设计用来使用TCP时提供一个可靠的点到点安全服务,保证两个通讯个体之间的保密性和完整性.openssl是SSL的一份完整实现,内部包含了大量加密算法程序.文章介绍了SSL协议的工作原理,并使用openssl实现SSL协议的安全网络通信过程.     

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Entrance Assessment Model Through Air Passenger Violations

This article aims to construct a risk model for the prediction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) entrance caused by passengers who illegally carry meat products of cloven-hoofed animals through international airports into a country. The risk that meat contaminated with the FMD virus is formulated as the probabilities of FMD factor events (the prevalence of FMD), the commodity factor event (the transportation, storage, and distribution (TSD) factor event), and the passenger event. Data used for analysis were records of illegal meat product carriers from areas A and B intercepted at an international airport in Taiwan. A risk model was proposed to simulate the probability distributions in disease prevalence, probability of FMD virus existing in the meat products after meat processing, and estimation of survival of virus and time period for TSD. The probability of the passenger event was hypothesized with the odds of intercepted passengers and estimated via logistic regression. The results showed that the odds of passengers being intercepted by beagles were higher than those intercepted by Customs. By conducting Monte Carlo simulations, the probability of FMD virus risk caused by FMD factors from area A was 149 times lower than that from area B. The probability of FMD virus risk caused by the passenger event from area A was four times lower than the corresponding probability from area B. The model provides a contribution to FMD prevention and can be a reference for developing models of other diseases.