零售业供应链企业RFID技术应用决策研究

采用RFID技术产生的成本是制约RFID应用的主要因素.通过采用报童模型分析了由1个生产商和1个零售商组成的供应链,考虑了零售商商品摆放错误对供应链利润的影响.分别研究了集中决策和分散决策情况下,采用RFID技术对生产商和零售商利润的影响,以及可以承担的最大RFID标签成本,为供应链成员企业采用RFID技术的决策提供了定量化、模型化的依据.     

Conservative accounting as a signaling device in debt covenants

This paper provides a signaling explanation for benefits of conservative accounting in a debt contracting setting. It develops a model in which firms want to finance more or less risky projects through debt, which is private information. Creditors price the risk on average riskiness, which implies a relatively high interest rate for low-risk firms. These firms can signal their low-risk type by implementing a conservative accounting system. The accounting signal is used in a debt covenant that stipulates early repayment in case of a bad signal. Thus, the low-risk firms benefit from a lower interest cost, but at the cost of higher risk of being forced to liquidate a profitable project. The analysis establishes conditions for separating and pooling equilibria and determines their individual and social welfare implications. It shows that conservative accounting by low-risk firms can even increase social welfare if it mitigates underinvestment.     

经理股票期权与受限制股票报酬的效果分析

股票期权激励和受限制性股票报酬是目前世界上常用的长期激励报酬形式,而企业经理却认为传统上使用的B-S公式对股票期权的估价"太高",相对于"价值相同"的受限制性股票,经理更愿意接受受限制性股票.我们通过经理获得这两种报酬的效用模型的比较,分析了风险厌恶型经理对股权报酬以及受限制性股票的估价,并进一步估计了企业向经理提供股权报酬的绝对损失.从而解释为什么经理股票期权的激励效果不佳的问题.     

口碑传播研究综述及其在网络环境下的研究初探

随着平民传播时代的到来,口碑传播研究再次兴起,尤其是电子口碑传播的研究,引起了实践界和理论界极大的关注。为此,从口碑传播的内涵、理论、主体、客体、效果、过程和研究方法等几个方面,通过对国内外有关经典口碑传播和电子口碑传播的研究进行系统性的梳理和评述,并在此基础上提出一个综合性理论框架解释电子口碑传播行为模式。     

论企业管理市场化的本质

本文在评述国内外相关文献的基础上,通过对科层机制与市场机制在劳动分工、权力、信息、绩效评价、激励机制等各方面的比较分析,提出了企业管理市场化的本质是企业管理过程中实现科层要素向市场要素转变、科层要素与市场要素平衡以及各要素之间互补的观点。     

企业组织中人力资本道德风险因素分析

基于市场里的企业是“一个人力资本与非人力资本的特别合约”的观点,就人力资本的道德风险问题进行了研究。认为影响人力资本道德风险的因素主要有诚实履行合约后的正常收益、道德风险行为被发现的概率、贴现因子、道德风险行为的额外收益以及道德风险行为被发现后的次优收益。并且以预期收益为目标建立了数学模型,分析人力资本道德风险行为动机与影响因素之间的关系,提出了相关的激励、约束及协作策略。最后,讨论了随机因素的影响。     

货币政策规则对国际资本流动与人民币汇率的时变影响——基于TVP-SV-VAR模型的实证检验

本文从货币政策理论出发,构建以稳定国际资本流动与人民币汇率的“多目标”货币政策规则理论模型,并采用1998年1月至2019年11月的月度数据,建立开放经济下的TVP-SV-VAR模型,实证检验不同货币政策规则下货币供应冲击、利率冲击对国际资本流动与人民币汇率的时变与动态影响。结果表明：(1)不同时间阶段,货币政策冲击对国际资本流动和人民币汇率的影响存在较强的时变特征。(2)等间隔脉冲响应表明,货币政策冲击对国际资本流动的短期影响效应要高于中长期,而对人民币汇率的影响却存在一定滞后性和扩散性,且价格型规则更有利于熨平外部冲击对国际资本流动与人民币汇率的影响。(3)时点脉冲响应表明,利率冲击对国际资本流动和人民币汇率的影响弱于货币供应冲击,且利率冲击对国际资本流动的影响回到稳态均衡的速度更快。总体来看,在调节国际资本流动和稳定人民币汇率的效果上,价格型规则优于数量型规则,我国央行货币政策选择应逐步从数量型规则向价格型规则转变。     

Was there compression of disability for older Americans from 1992 to 2003?

Medical advances and the growth of the elderly population have focused interest on trends in the health of the elderly. Three theories have been advanced to describe these trends: compression of morbidity, expansion of morbidity, and dynamic equilibrium. We applied multistate life table methods to the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to estimate active and disabled life expectancy from 1992 to 2003, defining disability as having difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living or activities of daily living. We found increases in active life expectancy past age 65 and decreases in life expectancy with severe disability. These trends are consistent with elements of both the theory of compression of morbidity and the theory of dynamic equilibrium.     

Using age and spatial flow structures in the indirect estimation of migration streams

This article outlines a formal model-based approach for inferring interregional age-specific migration streams in settings where such data are incomplete, inadequate, or unavailable. The estimation approach relies heavily on log-linear models, using them to impose some of the regularities exhibited by past age and spatial structures or to combine and borrow information drawn from other sources. The approach is illustrated using data from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. and Mexico censuses.     

As low birth weight babies grow,can well-educated parents buffer this adverse factor? A research note

This research note combines two national Taiwanese data sets to investigate the relationships among low birth weight (LBW) babies, their parents' educational levels, and their future academic outcomes. We find that LBW is negatively correlated with the probability of such children attending college at age 18; however, when both parents are college or high school graduates, such negative effects may be partially offset. We also show that discrimination against daughters occurs, but only for daughters who were LBW babies. Moreover high parental education can buffer the LBW shock only among moderately LBW children (as compared with very LBW children) and full-term LBW children (as compared with preterm LBW children).