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11.
Raul O. Chao Kenneth C. Lichtendahl Yael Grushka‐Cockayne 《Production and Operations Management》2014,23(8):1286-1298
Many large organizations use a stage‐gate process to manage new product development projects. In a typical stage‐gate process project managers learn about potential ideas from research and exert effort in development while senior executives make intervening go/no‐go decisions. This decentralized decision making results in an agency problem because the idea quality in early stages is unknown to the executive and the project manager must exert unobservable development effort in later stages. In light of these challenges, how should the firm structure incentives to ensure that project managers reveal relevant information and invest the appropriate effort to create value? In this study, we develop a model of adverse selection in research and moral hazard in development with a go/no‐go decision at the intervening gate. Our results show that the principal's uncertainty regarding early‐stage idea quality—a term we refer to as idea risk—alters the effect of late‐stage development risk. The presence of idea risk can alter the incentives offered to the agent and may lead the principal to reject projects that otherwise seem favorable in terms of positive net present value. A simulation of early‐stage ideas, found through search on a complex landscape, shows that the firm can mitigate the negative effects of idea risk by encouraging breadth of search and high tolerance for failure. 相似文献
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This article demonstrates how the gendered patriarchal mechanisms that exclude women from the political sphere are being produced, re-produced, and challenged in interpersonal political conversations by concentrating on the discursive mechanisms that construct the way young Israeli women and men talk about politics. The research is based on a yearlong intra-group dialog process. The group met for weekly sessions during two semesters, in which the group members discussed and expressed their thoughts and feelings regarding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) demonstrated how the political space is being marked, defined and delimited through gendered discursive practices. We present the different roles participants take in the group, and in particular the different strategies women use in face of disciplinary discursive mechanisms. The process revealed that the development in the group discussion was strongly intertwined with the change in the positioning strategies of the female participants. In particular, we found that women deployed emotionality as a tool of resistance that challenges gender binaries and masculine dominance. Our conclusion highlights the importance of the daily interactions in creating, sustaining and changing the political discourse of a society in conflict. 相似文献
14.
THE COURSE OF RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION: Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Suburbanization in Israel 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As is well documented, today, 40 years after the establishment of statehood, ethnicity figures importantly in determining educational and occupational attainment in Israel. The present study measures residential patterns to examine the relevance of ethnic differences in generating social distance.
Census data on the Jewish population and pairs of ethnic groups depict residential pattern changes in the central city and suburban ring for the largest metropolitan area, Tel Aviv, in 1972 and 1983. Segregation patterns are moderate in the central city, low in the suburban ring; in both localities, moreover, segregation declines during the decade studied. Although ethnicity significantly affects a group's separation, its relative importance declines. With Socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and other intervening variables controlled, Jewish ethnic groups' attainments significantly differ by locale: Suburban residence increases spatial assimilation. 相似文献
Census data on the Jewish population and pairs of ethnic groups depict residential pattern changes in the central city and suburban ring for the largest metropolitan area, Tel Aviv, in 1972 and 1983. Segregation patterns are moderate in the central city, low in the suburban ring; in both localities, moreover, segregation declines during the decade studied. Although ethnicity significantly affects a group's separation, its relative importance declines. With Socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and other intervening variables controlled, Jewish ethnic groups' attainments significantly differ by locale: Suburban residence increases spatial assimilation. 相似文献
15.
Yael Berda 《Sociological Forum》2013,28(3):627-630
We tend to associate practices of population surveillance with Western modernity and the intensification of security routines with the last decade defined by the “Global War on Terror.” I suggest, however, that proliferation of methods to monitor and control populations are legacies of the practices that were developed in the colonies to manage civilian populations. Here, I outline those institutional colonial legacies. 相似文献
16.
Studying the military and other security organizations is challenging for both methodological and ethical reasons. Studying
these domains “at home,” literally in the researcher’s own country, complicates things even further. This article discusses
these intricacies by proposing a dynamic conceptualization of the subject-object relationship in the study of the military
and security in Israel. This conceptualization illuminates the effects of the dynamic positioning of the researcher in four
social fields: the academic, the military-security, gender, and the ethno-national. The actual influence of these fields and
their interrelations changes throughout the phases of research. We argue that when researchers and their respondents have
similar ethno-national affiliation and military experiences, the dichotomous relations between them break down and give way
to a dense web of expectations. This brings the researcher to maneuver between two, ostensibly contradictory, research strategies:
studying-up and studying-across. The paper unpacks the complexities encapsulated in these strategies by discussing methodological and ethical dilemmas in
two field studies on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict conducted by the authors. 相似文献
17.
This article explores the use of “Transition Framework” as a conceptual framework for individual and social change. William
Bridges introduced Transition Framework in the 1970s as a three-pronged model explaining how people respond to change in their
lives. This article argues that such an approach has the potential to help clients recognize and grieve the loss of their
old identities, become comfortable with new ways of communicating, understand their cycles of relapse and make positive changes.
The relevance of this model to transformative change in domestic violence treatment is explored. 相似文献
18.
This Internet-based study examined the association between Israeli parents’ attributions regarding the cause of their son’s homosexuality and their level of acceptance of their homosexual son. The sample (N = 57) was recruited via Internet Web sites (gay forums and support groups). Findings suggest that more essentialist (versus constructivist) causal attributions were associated with higher levels of parental acceptance. Length of time parents knew of their son’s homosexual orientation predicted the degree to which their attributions were essentialist. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Ayelet Dunsky Sima Zach Aviva Zeev Uri Goldbourt Tal Shimony Rebecca Goldsmith Yael Netz 《European review of aging and physical activity》2014,11(2):149-157
Advanced age is associated with degenerative changes in body composition. There is evidence suggesting that changes may vary upon differences in lifestyle, environment, or gender. Physical activity engagement is considered an important component of lifestyle definition. There are suggestions that engaging in physical activity might alleviate degenerative body compositional changes. The objective is to assess the relationship between adherence to recommended guidelines of physical activity and anthropometric parameters in Israeli older adults. Anthropometric measures, including height, weight, and waist circumference, were taken, and BMI was calculated, from a random sample of 1,663 elderly adults (799 men and 864 women), aged 74.31 (±6.05) years old. Participants reported their physical activity habits and, based on official guidelines recommendations, they were divided into sufficiently active, insufficiently active, and inactive groups. One-way ANOVA (level of physical activity) for both genders was conducted for each anthropometric variable. In both genders, an association between level of physical activity and weight, waist circumference, and BMI was found, with lower values among the sufficiently active. In addition, a relationship between level of physical activity and height was indicated among women, implying that the more active women were taller than the less active. In addition to the already known health benefits of physical activity in old age, it is possible that adherence to recommended guidelines of physical activity is associated with favorable anthropometric characteristics. 相似文献
20.
This paper describes a course in the evaluation of intervention outcomes which combines classroom instruction with practical field work. The course was part of the BA programme in the Bob Shapell School of Social Work at Tel-Aviv University. It was given in conjunction with an advanced course in social work methods, and it entailed the active participation of the evaluation instructor, the methods instructor, and the fieldwork supervisor. To attain this integration, it was necessary not only to design the course but also to invest in training field supervisors, who could then serve as a resource for their students. The paper emphasises the importance of cooperation between all those involved in teaching the course as well as the special significance of teaching the subject as part of the socialisation process of social work students. It also points out the various benefits both the students and instructors obtained from the course. 相似文献