试论土耳其阿拉维派穆斯林的特征及处境

在土耳其现代化进程中,阿拉维派穆斯林是凯末尔主义的坚决支持者、左翼政党的同盟者、伊斯兰复兴运动的抗拒者.在民主政治实践中,土耳其共和国给予阿拉维派穆斯林一定程度的政治、经济和文化支持,为其摆脱边缘化处境提供了有效的空间.随着传统纽带的进一步瓦解,土耳其阿拉维派穆斯林的宗教色彩将进一步淡化,世俗化将成为其必然的发展趋势.     

Are people overoptimistic about the effects of heavy drinking?

We test whether heavy or binge drinkers are overly optimistic about probabilities of adverse consequences from these activities or are relatively accurate about these probabilities. Using data from a survey in eight cities, we evaluate the relationship between subjective beliefs and drinking. We assess accuracy of beliefs about several outcomes of heavy/binge drinking: reduced longevity, liver disease onset, link between alcohol consumption and Driving While Intoxicated (DWI), probability of an accident after drinking, accuracy of beliefs about encountering intoxicated drivers on the road, and legal consequences of DWI—ranging from being stopped to receiving fines and jail terms. Overall, there is no empirical support for the optimism bias hypothesis. We do find that persons consuming a lot of alcohol tend to be more overconfident about their driving abilities and ability to handle alcohol. However, such overconfidence does not translate into over-optimism about consequences of high levels of alcohol consumption.     

中东剧变与穆斯林民主政党的兴起

中东穆斯林民主政党脱胎于长期存在的伊斯兰政党。在21世纪特定的历史背景下,伊斯兰政党逐渐超越传统伊斯兰属性,转变为与现代民主政治相容的公民政党。2010年底以来的中东剧变,为穆斯林民主政党赢得民主选举提供历史契机,穆斯林民主政党的兴起与精英与民众的文化断裂、现代化进程中诸种危机的涌现、君主政治、威权政治或世俗政党执政不力密切相关;其在不同国家上台执政或参与联合政府得益于务实开放的政治定位:倡导民主、多元主义与现代化,整合伊斯兰主义与民主政治理念。穆斯林民主政党对民主自由的强调证明了民主与伊斯兰教的相容性,表现了伊斯兰主义者对穆斯林民主模式的探索与思考,体现了中东政治民主化的发展方向。穆斯林民主政党的执政实践面临着重重挑战,但其治国模式将为中东其他国家提供借鉴。     

Does the market value corporate response to climate change?

Motivated by the controversial debate on mandatory reductions of greenhouse gases in the U.S., this study explores whether the market values corporate response to tackle carbon dioxide emissions. We measure corporate responses using the measure of media tone based on the positive and negative words in each news article. Our results show that the market reacts favorably to the negative media exposure of corporate response to climate change over the announcement period and the one-year period, which implies that the socially responsible action to tackle climate change is costly. We further find that the positive response is less pronounced for firms from polluting industries and firms with poor environmental performance.     

Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management: An Empirical Investigation

Two important streams of the literature have examined intellectual capital (IC) and knowledge management (KM). Surprisingly, they have developed in parallel, without any empirical research on the relationship between them. This article empirically examines how IC and KM affect each other, and also investigates their consequences, viewing three intermediate consequences (dynamic capabilities, efficiency, and innovativeness) to mediate their effects on firm performance. In addition, this article examines the effects of the organization's culture on IC and KM. To address these issues, a comprehensive model is developed and tested using a combination of survey and secondary data of 533 companies in Taiwan. The results support the theoretical model. Major findings include the following: IC affects KM and dynamic capabilities; KM facilitates innovation but not dynamic capabilities or IC; a learning culture facilitates IC and innovation but not KM; firm performance depends on efficiency and innovation, but not directly on dynamic capabilities; and efficiency does not depend on any of the other constructs in the study. The article's implications for research and practice are examined.     

The paths embedding of the arrangement graphs with prescribed vertices in given position

Let n and k be positive integers with n?k≥2. The arrangement graph A _n,k is recognized as an attractive interconnection networks. Let x, y, and z be three different vertices of A _n,k . Let l be any integer with $d_{A_{n,k}}(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y}) \le l \le \frac{n!}{(n-k)!}-1-d_{A_{n,k}}(\mathbf{y},\mathbf{z})$ . We shall prove the following existance properties of Hamiltonian path: (1)?for n?k≥3 or (n,k)=(3,1), there exists a Hamiltonian path R(x,y,z;l) from x to z such that d _R(x,y,z;l)(x,y)=l; (2) for n?k=2 and n≥5, there exists a Hamiltonian path R(x,y,z;l) except for the case that x, y, and z are adjacent to each other.     

Testing process capability based on Cpm in the presence of random measurement errors

Process capability indices have been widely used in the manufacturing industry providing numerical measures on process performance. The index C_p provides measures on process precision (or product consistency). The index C_pm, sometimes called the Taguchi index, meditates on process centring ability and process loss. Most research work related to C_p and C_pm assumes no gauge measurement errors. This assumption insufficiently reflects real situations even with highly advanced measuring instruments. Conclusions drawn from process capability analysis are therefore unreliable and misleading. In this paper, we conduct sensitivity investigation on process capability C_p and C_pm in the presence of gauge measurement errors. Due to the randomness of variations in the data, we consider capability testing for C_p and C_pm to obtain lower confidence bounds and critical values for true process capability when gauge measurement errors are unavoidable. The results show that the estimator with sample data contaminated by the measurement errors severely underestimates the true capability, resulting in imperceptible smaller test power. To obtain the true process capability, adjusted confidence bounds and critical values are presented to practitioners for their factory applications.     

相转移催化法合成辛基缩水甘油醚的研究

利用4种具有不同结构的季铵化合物作为相转移催化剂,以正辛醇和环氧氯丙烷为原料一步合成了辛基缩水甘油醚,并对其反应机理作了初步研究.实验结果表明:以对称性最高的四正丁基溴化铵的催化效果最好,产率可达72%;以对称性最差的二甲基苯基苄基溴化铵的催化效果最差,产率仅有23.4%.     

On the maximum number of fault-free mutually independent Hamiltonian cycles in the faulty hypercube

Hsieh and Yu (2007) first claimed that an injured n-dimensional hypercube Q _n contains (n?1?f)-mutually independent fault-free Hamiltonian cycles, where f≤n?2 denotes the total number of permanent edge-faults in Q _n for n≥4, and edge-faults can occur everywhere at random. Later, Kueng et al. (2009a) presented a formal proof to validate Hsieh and Yu’s argument. This paper aims to improve this mentioned result by showing that up to (n?f)-mutually independent fault-free Hamiltonian cycles can be embedded under the same condition. Let F denote the set of f faulty edges. If all faulty edges happen to be incident with an identical vertex s, i.e., the minimum degree of the survival graph Q _n ?F is equal to n?f, then Q _n ?F contains at most (n?f)-mutually independent Hamiltonian cycles starting from s. From such a point of view, the presented result is optimal. Thus, not only does our improvement increase the number of mutually independent fault-free Hamiltonian cycles by one, but also the optimality can be achieved.     

Accounting Performance and Capacity Investment Decisions: Evidence from California Hospitals

Capacity decisions involve trade‐offs between the cost of capacity and the opportunity costs of lost sales. Accounting researchers posit that accounting performance provides sufficient information about these trade‐offs and thus can be used to formulate simple rules to assist capacity decisions. Empirical research has not examined the role of accounting information in capacity investment decisions at the department level in a multiproduct firm in the presence of social costs. Empirical analyses using department‐level data from California hospitals for the period 1998–2005 show that hospitals are more likely to make capacity investments in departments with high accounting performance. However, in the presence of demand variability, the association between accounting performance and capacity investment is attenuated because of the resulting increase in noise in accounting performance measures. Thus, the weight on accounting performance as a decision tool for capital investments reduces when there is demand variability. Another factor that reduces the weight on accounting performance is capacity utilization. Higher capacity utilization can lead to turning away or rerouting of patients to other hospitals and negatively impacts reputation and quality of care, which increases the hospital's social costs. Hence, hospitals do not require high accounting performance before investing in a department with high capacity utilization. This empirical evidence of the role of accounting performance in capacity investment decisions fills a gap in the capacity investment literature and furthers our understanding of the interactions between accounting performance and the operational determinants of firms’ capacity investment behavior.