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481.
482.
Differences in soil chemical properties with distance to roads and age of development in urban areas 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Sun-Jeong Park Zhiqiang Cheng Hanbae Yang Elizabeth E. Morris Meaghan Sutherland Brian B. McSpadden Gardener Parwinder S. Grewal 《Urban Ecosystems》2010,13(4):483-497
The main objective of this study was to characterize variation in soil chemical properties with length of urbanization period
and distance to roads. Urban boundaries from 1920’s (old), 1960’s (middle) and 2000’s (new) were identified for three cities
in northeast Ohio: Massillon, Wooster and Canton. Within each identified historic boundary, soil samples were collected from
two road-side and two interior lawns in one public school site in each city. Thus, there were three urban age and two distance-to-roads
classes. Soil particle composition and basic chemical properties including pH, available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium
(K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), cation exchange capacity (CEC), nitrate, total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and soil
organic matter (SOM) were measured. Two notable spatio-temporal patterns appeared repeatedly in the data set. First, total
C, total N and SOM were higher in the soils of old (>50 years) urban sites than of newly developed sites. Similar, but not
always significant, trends in soil pH, and exchangeable Ca were also observed. Second, road-side soils had higher pH, Ca,
total C and N than interior sites regardless of urban age. These data indicate that key soil chemical properties can vary
in predictable ways with urban age and distance-to-roads classes. Such variations in key soil chemical properties may influence
or reflect soil biota and biogeochemical processes in urban soils. 相似文献
483.
Health researchers have investigated the association between racial segregation and racial health disparities with multilevel approaches. This study systematically reviews these multilevel studies and identifies broad trends and potential directions for future research on racial segregation and health disparities in the US. After searching databases including CINAHL and MEDLINE, we systematically reviewed 66 articles published between 2003 and 2019 and found four major gaps in racial/ethnic segregation and health disparities: (a) the concept of segregation was rarely operationalized at the neighborhood level, (b) except for the evenness and exposure dimension, other dimensions of segregation are overlooked, (c) little attention was paid to the segregation between whites and non‐black minorities, particularly Hispanics and Asians, and (d) mental health outcomes were largely absent. Future directions and opportunities include: First, other segregation dimensions should be explored. Second, the spatial scales for segregation measures should be clarified. Third, the theoretical frameworks for black and non‐black minorities should be tested. Fourth, mental health, substance use, and the use of mental health care should be examined. Fifth, the long‐term health effect of segregation has to be investigated, and finally, other competing explanations for why segregation matters at the neighborhood level should be answered. 相似文献
484.
Brian Park Elizabeth Beckman Catherine Glatz Andrew Pisansky John Song 《Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless》2017,26(2):104-115
Homeless patients have longer hospital stays than housed persons due, in part, to a lack of safe discharge locations. Respite care for homeless individuals decreases hospital length of stay and readmissions rates. This study aimed to develop client-centered recommendations for medical respite care. We conducted four focus group interviews (n?=?25 participants) between August 2010 and February 2013 of homeless adult residents in Minnesota. Four domains of respite care were identified from content analysis of interviews: physical, relational, facilitation, and amenities. Novel recommendations include (a) a facility equipped to address mental health and substance dependence needs, (b) a standardized training protocol for respite staff, (c) the creation of a patient advocate, and (d) the creation of a respite case manager to facilitate post-discharge instructions and connection to primary care and social services. These new and actionable recommendations could help inform policies and the development of future medical respite care facilities. 相似文献
485.
Statistics and Computing - We propose a method for inference on moderately high-dimensional, nonlinear, non-Gaussian, partially observed Markov process models for which the transition density is... 相似文献
486.
The integer-valued autoregressive (INAR) model has been widely used in diverse fields. Since the task of identifying the underlying distribution of time-series models is a crucial step for further inferences, we consider the goodness-of-fit test for the Poisson assumption on first-order INAR models. For a test, we employ Fisher’s dispersion test due to its simplicity and then derive its null limiting distribution. As an illustration, a simulation study and real data analysis are conducted for the counts of coal mining disasters, the monthly crime data set from New South Wales, and the annual numbers of worldwide earthquakes. 相似文献
487.
Minjung Kim Dae Seok Chai Sehoon Kim Soyoun Park 《Human Resource Development International》2013,16(5):481-498
Despite its effectiveness in socialization and development, new employee orientation (NEO) as a stand-alone training intervention has rarely been a topic of interest in the academic world. The purpose of this study was to examine the NEO programmes for university graduates in Korean corporations. Through an extensive review of NEO-related materials in 10 large Korean corporations, the designs and contents of Korean NEOs were analysed. As a result, all investigated corporations were found to use most of the institutionalized socialization tactics: formal, collective, fixed, sequential, and serial. The contents of the NEOs mainly focused on the synergism and integration roles. The embedded national culture and organizational contexts in Korean corporations were explored to explain the practices of the NEOs. Implications for HRD practice and research were suggested. 相似文献
488.
In this paper, we study cooperative games arising from integer edge covering problems on graphs. We introduce two games, a rigid k-edge covering game and its relaxed game, as generalizations of a rigid edge covering game and its relaxed game studied by Liu and Fang (2007). Then we give a characterization of the cores of both games, find relationships between them, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for the balancedness of a rigid k-edge covering game and its relaxed game. 相似文献
489.
Kevin D. Dougherty Fred J. De Jong Rebecca L. Garofano Jessika I. Jamir Natalie J. Park Rebecca J. Timmermans 《Sociological spectrum》2013,33(3):316-341
A growing body of literature weighs the influence of religion on civic life. Largely missing from prior analysis is Pentecostals. With novel religious beliefs and practices, Pentecostals might be expected to focus more on in-group bonding activities than out-group bridging activities. We test this expectation using national data from the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey. We contrast three measures of Pentecostalism: denominational affiliation, speaking in tongues at a place of worship, and self-described Pentecostal/charismatic identity. Results affirm high rates of bonding activity (church attendance and other congregation activity) for contemporary Pentecostals. Results for Pentecostal bridging are more complicated. People in Pentecostal denominations and those who speak in tongues participate less in community organizations and politics. However, this is more a function of social class and general conservatism than religious culture or sense of identity. Comparable to other conservative Protestants, the vitality of Pentecostal groups seems no impediment to democratic society. 相似文献
490.
A partir d'un indice synthétique des dispositions réglementaires sur les congés annuels et familiaux en Europe occidentale, aux Etats‐Unis, au Canada, en Australie, au Japon et en Corée, les auteurs classent ces pays quant au soutien à l'équilibre entre travail et famille. Les Etats‐Unis arrivent derniers: les employeurs ne sont pas tenus d'accorder des congés annuels, et les salariés ne peuvent prendre plus de douze semaines de congés par an pour raisons familiales. Ces normes comparativement basses s'expliqueraient par une conception fondée sur le libre marché et un postulat d'égalité de rapport de forces entre employeur et salarié. Vision qui n'est pleinement partagée par aucune des autres démocraties examinées. 相似文献