现代国家、公民教育与宗教

现代国家实施公民教育,努力避免某一宗教活动侵入学校教育的公共领域并获得优势;现代民主国家实行政教分离,在各宗教中保持中立的法律原则;在公共教育领域,国家保障公民人格教育的普遍一致.同时,现代国家承认各宗教的宗教教育及其教义具有正当性并给予合理支持;国家为宗教积极参与社会公众的事业提供必要的法律指导,宗教也积极适应现代社会,成为社会公益事业的一部分.     

Influence of behavioural tactics on recruitment and reproductive trajectory in the kittiwake

Many studies have provided evidence that, in birds, inexperienced breeders have a lower probability of breeding successfully. This is often explained by lack of skills and knowledge, and sometimes late laying dates in the first breeding attempt. There is growing evidence that in many species with deferred reproduction, some prebreeders attend breeding places, acquire territories and form pairs. Several behavioural tactics assumed to be associated with territory acquisition have been described in different species. These tactics may influence the probability of recruiting in the breeding segment of the population, age of first breeding, and reproductive success in the first breeding attempt. Here we addressed the influence of behaviour ('squatting') during the prebreeding period on demographic parameters (survival and recruitment probability) in a long-lived colonial seabird species: the kittiwake. We also investigated the influence of behaviour on reproductive trajectory. Squatters have a higher survival and recruitment probability, and a higher probability of breeding successfully in the first breeding attempt in all age-classes where this category is represented. The influence of behaviour is mainly expressed in the first reproduction. However, there is a relationship between breeding success in the first occasion and subsequent occasions. The influence of breeding success in the first breeding attempt on the rest of the trajectory may indirectly reflect the influence of behaviour on breeding success in the first occasion. The shape of the reproductive trajectory is influenced by behaviour and age of first breeding. There is substantial individual variation from the mean reproductive trajectory, which is accounted for by heterogeneity in performance among individuals in the first attempt, but there is no evidence of individual heterogeneity in the rate of change over time in performance in subsequent breeding occasions     

The dilemma of recognition: Administrative categories and cultural diversity

Governments around the world combat inequality by means of group-specific redistribution. Some pursue redistribution that benefits groups, but also wish to avoid accentuating or even recognizing group distinctions. This poses a dilemma that they try to resolve by adjusting the category system used to target redistribution. There are three types of adjustment: accommodation (the multicultural approach), denial (the ideal-typical liberal solution), and replacement (a compromise). In replacement the targets of redistributive policies are constructed to avoid accentuation or recognition of inconvenient group distinctions, but still allow redistribution that benefits these groups. Replacement is increasingly in demand around the world because the disadvantages of multiculturalism are becoming apparent while denial is hard to sustain in the face of group inequality. The actual effect of replacement is little researched and less understood, however. Does it resolve the dilemma of recognition? Two examples–India and Nigeria–where replacement has been tried ever since the 1950s cast doubt on its viability.     

试论宗教对话的层次性、基本中介与普遍模式——三论21世纪基督宗教的对话形态

宗教对话不仅是一个关乎当代人类文明健康发展的大问题 ,而且还是一个关乎当代宗教和平乃至当代和平的大问题。为此 ,我们从学理上阐述宗教对话的层次性、基本中介和普遍模式 ,以及揭露希克宗教多元主义的要害在于宗教对话的“平面化”。     

《红楼梦》80回前后死亡描写之比较

本文主要讨论的是《红楼梦》中重要人物死亡描写的前后比较,以及书中关于死亡意象描写的前后比较。得出的结论是由于作家的生死观、侧重点、创作意图的不同,前80回与后40回中死亡描写的手法是不同的。     

论高等教育社会学研究方法的取向及其本土化建构

一门学科发展的重要意义在于其研究成果与其他相关学科的研究成果往往具有较强的关联性和互补性。对于高等教育社会学而言 ,这一旨趣能否有效实现 ,首先取决于研究者在研究视角与方法的选择方面所体现出来的社会学素养及其自觉性。高等教育社会学的研究方法既要遵行社会学研究的一般策略和原则 ,又要从高等教育的实在特性出发 ,将其研究的目的、策略和方法真正纳入到社会学的研究视域之中 ,从而实现研究方法体系同研究主体、客体和具体环境的高度协同 ,这是实施高等教育社会学本土化建构的基础。     

失范行为的调适之道——根治腐败的社会学思考

腐败是一种社会失范行为。它是权力缺乏制约、私欲恶性膨胀、权力资本化和新旧体制转换共同作用的结果。用社会学视角解决反腐治本问题 ,其思路是完善制度约束人 ,有效监督激励人 ,严法弘德规范人