Evidence-based practice in Chinese social work: overcoming language and developmental barriers

This scoping review followed Cochrane guidelines to comprehensively assess the use and understanding of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Chinese social science literature. We conducted a research across three electronic databases and three major social science journals for the studies published between 2004 and 2016. Chinese social work literature demonstrates a precise understanding of EBP defined as a process, but it lacks comprehensive discussions about EBP that extend beyond basic principles and process definitions. We identified language barriers and developmental issues for social work in China that contribute to these incomplete discussions. We examined the importance of broadening and enriching the discussions around EBP, especially for Chinese educators, researchers, and clinicians involved with empirically supported treatments. We also consider the implications of our findings for the development of social work in China.     

老龄人的"颓败"与年轻人的"重生":论羽田圭介的《颓败与重生》

随着日本人口老龄化的加速,老年人的护理日渐成为社会的一个关注点。羽田圭介的《颓败与重生》就是以老人护理以及由此引起的家庭内部纠葛为题材的小说。小说标题中的"颓败"体现在以主人公的外祖父为代表的老年人身体的衰老、病痛的侵袭以及所面临的尴尬的社会与家庭处境。而"重生"则表现在主人公对事业的追求、自我肉体的改造、帮助外祖父实现"尊严死"等方面。这部作品表征了日本社会所面临的老龄化的严峻形势及社会现实。     

From the Digital Divide to the Connectivity Dividend Difference: A Connectivity Capital Perspective*

The access divide was once the basic form of the digital divide. The development of Internet infrastructure has narrowed the access divide and increased application coverage, but it has also touched off a connectivity dividend difference. Taking the online market as an example, we examine the sources of the dividend difference and the factors influencing it with in a connectivity framework. We found that the narrowing of the access divide has resulted in enhanced connectivity and platform development, giving people the chance to benefit from transforming the various assets in which they have previously invested into differentiated compound connectivity capital. In the course, the scale and rate of the conversion are affected by two multiplier effects and especially by online platforms. The process is ultimately expressed in the dividend difference.     

基于fused惩罚的稀疏主成分分析

本文旨在研究基于fused惩罚的稀疏主成分分析方法，以适用于相邻变量之间高度相关甚至完全相等的数据情形。首先，从回归分析角度出发，提出一种求解稀疏主成分的简便思路，给出一种广义的稀疏主成分模型—— GSPCA模型及其求解算法，并证明在惩罚函数取1-范数时，该模型与现有的稀疏主成分模型——SPC模型的求解结果一致。其次，本文提出将fused惩罚与主成分分析相结合，得到一种fused稀疏主成分分析方法，并从惩罚性矩阵分解和回归分析两个角度，给出两种模型形式。在理论上证明了两种模型的求解结果是一致的，故将其统称为FSPCA模型。模拟实验显示，FSPCA模型在处理相邻变量之间高度相关甚至完全相等的数据集上的表现良好。最后，将FSPCA模型应用于手写数字识别，发现与SPC模型相比，FSPCA模型所提取的主成分具备更好的解释性，这使得该模型更具实用价值。     

Statistical considerations in clinical trial design with event-free survival as the primary efficacy endpoint

In late-phase confirmatory clinical trials in the oncology field, time-to-event (TTE) endpoints are commonly used as primary endpoints for establishing the efficacy of investigational therapies. Among these TTE endpoints, overall survival (OS) is always considered as the gold standard. However, OS data can take years to mature, and its use for measurement of efficacy can be confounded by the use of post-treatment rescue therapies or supportive care. Therefore, to accelerate the development process and better characterize the treatment effect of new investigational therapies, other TTE endpoints such as progression-free survival and event-free survival (EFS) are applied as primary efficacy endpoints in some confirmatory trials, either as a surrogate for OS or as a direct measure of clinical benefits. For evaluating novel treatments for acute myeloid leukemia, EFS has been gradually recognized as a direct measure of clinical benefits. However, the application of an EFS endpoint is still controversial mainly due to the debate surrounding definition of treatment failure (TF) events. In this article, we investigate the EFS endpoint with the most conservative definition for the timing of TF, which is Day 1 since randomization. Specifically, the corresponding non-proportional hazard pattern of the EFS endpoint is investigated with both analytical and numerical approaches.     

“军祭酒”三题

建安时期,曹操以司空、丞相的身份控制东汉朝廷军政大权,军祭酒是其府中重要僚属。当时曹操不能以大将军身份主政,于是设置这一职位用以弥补司空府无僚佐主理军务的制度空白。这一职位并非"军师祭酒"的别称,地位上也不能与军师、军师祭酒相提并论。曹操平定北方后,军祭酒的主要职能从军政转为行政,随着魏国朝廷的建立,其政务功能也被魏国官僚机构取代。     

蒙城方言中的例外字音

语音演变规律虽具有严整性,但例外字音却不可避免,亦不容忽视。以《方言调查字表》为准,从语音的历史积淀、声符类推、语流音变等方面探讨蒙城方言例外字音成因,可以进一步考察蒙城方言的语音面貌,进而较为全面地认识理解其发展演变规律。     

Affiliation networks with an increasing degree sequence

Affiliation network is one kind of two-mode social network with two different sets of nodes (namely, a set of actors and a set of social events) and edges representing the affiliation of the actors with the social events. Although a number of statistical models are proposed to analyze affiliation networks, the asymptotic behaviors of the estimator are still unknown or have not been properly explored. In this article, we study an affiliation model with the degree sequence as the exclusively natural sufficient statistic in the exponential family distributions. We establish the uniform consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator when the numbers of actors and events both go to infinity. Simulation studies and a real data example demonstrate our theoretical results.     

福利集合主义：超越分类主义的保障政策

福利集合主义在吸收左派、右派或中间派的政治思想的同时，也在超越这些分类主义的政治思想，探讨适合自己发展的福利改革路线。福利集合主义者认为，福利国家就是指国家可以满足大众的基本需求。     

国际法上的民族自决权原则:基于《联合国宪章》和国际法院的解释

民族自决权在推动民族独立、建立民族国家,以及殖民地人民摆脱殖民统治的运动中发挥过巨大作用。虽然它已发展成一项国际法基本原则,但从国际法律文件和国际法院的实践来看,其适用和行使有严格限制。民族自决权的行使不能破坏国家政治统一和领土完整,且主要适用于联合国托管下的非自治领土和处于殖民统治或异族压迫下的民族。此外,是否允许既存国家的一部分从该国脱离,各国分歧很大。因此,国际法上的民族自决权原则还很不成熟,不应成为一国国内的少数人群体脱离本国的理论依据。