Space‐time cluster identification in point processes

The authors propose a new type of scan statistic to test for the presence of space‐time clusters in point processes data, when the goal is to identify and evaluate the statistical significance of localized clusters. Their method is based only on point patterns for cases; it does not require any specific knowledge of the underlying population. The authors propose to scan the three‐dimensional space with a score test statistic under the null hypothesis that the underlying point process is an inhomogeneous Poisson point process with space and time separable intensity. The alternative is that there are one or more localized space‐time clusters. Their method has been implemented in a computationally efficient way so that it can be applied routinely. They illustrate their method with space‐time crime data from Belo Horizonte, a Brazilian city, in addition to presenting a Monte Carlo study to analyze the power of their new test.     

What Defines Quality of Life? The Gap Between Public Policies and Locally Defined Indicators Among Residents of Kodagu, Karnataka (India)

Improving quality of life (QoL) is one of the main goals of many public policies. A useful tool to measure QoL needs to get a good balance between indicators guided by theories (top-down approach) and indicators defined by local people (bottom-up approach). However, QoL measurement tools often neglect to include elements that define the standard of living at local level. In this paper, we analyse the correspondence between human development index, as an indicator adopted by governments to assess QoL, and the elements defined by local people as important in their QoL, called here local means. Using a free-listing technique, we collected information from 114 individuals from Kodagu, Kartanataka (India), to capture local means defining QoL. We then compared local means with the indicators used by Human development report (HDR) of Karnataka, the main measurement tool of QoL in Kodagu. The list of local means included access to basic facilities and many issues related to agriculture and natural resources management as elements locally defining QoL. We also found that HDR does not capture the means defined by people as indicators of QoL. Our findings suggest an important gap between current QoL’s indicators considered by public policies and the means of QoL defined by people. Our study provides insights for a set of plausible local indicators useful to achieve a balance between top-down and bottom-up approaches for the local public policies.     

Listening to children: Evaluation of a positive parenting programme through art-based research

This paper presents data from a unique programme evaluation of the parenting programme titled ‘Learning together, growing as a family’ applied in 14 cities in Spain and targeting families at risk of neglectful behaviour. The programme evaluation is based on the voices of children using the qualitative methodology of art-based research. Eighty-six children 6–12 years of age were interviewed in groups. The outcomes of the evaluation reveal that children perceive improvements in the parental competencies of their parents and in themselves and that these changes serve as a catalyst for positive family change.     

测量误差模型稳健方法及应用研究

回归模型在经济学、生物医学、流行病学、工农业生产等众多领域有着广泛的应用,而在实际数据收集时常常出现无法获得变量的精确数据或全部数据的情况,即常碰到测量误差数据、缺失数据等复杂数据情形。对于回归模型中存在测量误差的情况,如在参数估计时不加以修正,则易产生估计偏差,使得估计精度下降。对于数据缺失情形,如不采取合理的处理方法也会导致模型分析结果不佳。故此,本文研究含有测量误差数据时,解释变量具有随机缺失时的线性测量误差模型和部分线性测量误差模型的稳健参数估计问题。本文提出了一种在测量误差服从拉普拉斯分布时参数的损失修正估计,通过蒙特卡洛模拟和医学研究中的实证分析,显示本文所提的估计方法具有偏差小、精度高、稳健性强的优势。     

The value of audit quality in public and private companies: evidence from Spain

This paper compares the value of audit quality, proxied by the selection of a big N auditor, to the external claimholders of private and public companies. Although the combination of a lower ownership concentration of public companies, the greater demand for financial information quality about these companies and their higher litigation risk can result in the expectation that audit quality should be more valuable for public than for private companies, the greater information asymmetry between the managers and the external stakeholders and the unavailability of alternative mechanisms for monitoring the managers can make external audit more valuable for the external claimholders of private companies. In this paper, we test these two competing views by analysing if banks and lenders take into account auditor selection in the formation of the cost of debt. Our results support the second view: we find that only private companies obtain a lower cost of debt when they are audited by a high-quality auditor. These results are robust to both endogeneity and unobserved firm-specific heterogeneity.     

海峡西岸社会主义新农村建设中的几个主要矛盾

海峡西岸社会主义新农村建设面临着一系列两难的问题,集中体现在农村经济发展与综合发展、政府主导与农民主体、资源存量不活与增量不足、公共品供给与需求、新农村建设与工业化和城镇化、统筹城乡发展与体制机制滞后这六大矛盾。要统筹兼顾,妥善处理,把握好矛盾各方面的平衡度,使这些矛盾内部之间以及矛盾之间围绕建设海峡西岸社会主义新农村的总体价值取向达到一种新的优化平衡,为新农村建设注入新的动力,拓展新的境界。     

西部矿产资源开发外部性实证分析

运用西部矿产资源富集地区实地调查问卷与深度访谈数据,分析西部矿产资源开发外部性问题。研究发现,西部矿产资源开发正外部性与负外部性并存,正外部性主要表现为带动资源地经济与社会发展,负外部性表现为对资源地生态环境的破坏。而通过明晰矿产资源产权、强化资源企业社会责任履行、唤醒民众环保意识、统筹利益相关者利益,可促进西部矿产资源开发外部性内部化,实现西部矿产资源合理开发和资源地科学发展。     

收益风险管理型企业技术创新活动评价研究

基于技术创新与实物期权的基础知识,导入了创新期权的概念。通过分析现金流管理型企业的内部财务核算体系以及技术创新活动,指出现金流管理型企业技术创新活动的局限性,从而引入收益风险管理型企业的概念,进而对收益风险管理型企业的技术创新活动进行分析。通过比较现金流管理型企业与收益风险管理型企业的不同,得出要促进企业的技术创新就要实现从现金流管理向收益风险管理转变的结论。     

对新时期职业教育观的再认识

对职业教育观的正确认识有利于准确把握市场经济条件下职业教育的发展走向,从宏观和微观两个层面对新时期的职业教育观进行了重新认识。宏观层面的职业教育观主要包括:以人为本和实现人的可持续发展的职业教育价值观,坚持能力本位的职业教育质量观以及按职业教育规律办学的观念;微观层面的职业教育观主要包括:基于职业属性的专业观、基于建构主义的能力观以及基于工作过程导向的课程观。     

对篮球跨步急停跳投动作运动学特征的分析

运用运动生物力学手段对篮球跨步跳投技术进行了研究,并对整个技术动作进行了时相划分,对左脚制动、右腿前摆、举球、起跳和腾空出手阶段进行了运动学特征的分析．