Patron de Conducta Tipo a,Representacion Social y Cognicion Social. Estudio Experimental

Resumen

En el presente estudio se analizó la relación entre las representaciones de los sujetos tipo A versus tipo B del éxito y del fracaso, así como su relación con los procesos atribucionales. Utilizando el paradigma experimental de la Indefensión Adquirida se observó que los sujetos tipo A realizaban atribuciones de capacidad en mayor medida tanto ante la situación de éxito como en la de fracaso. Los sujetos tipo A comunicaron mayores niveles de implicación y ansiedad, así como una percepción más desafiante de la tarea. Se observó también una calidad de ejecución más pobre en la tarea subsiguiente en los sujetos tipo A, así como un fenómeno de indefensión en los sujetos previamente sometidos a una tarea experimental irresoluble. Por último, se propone un modelo Psicosociológico de Salud que integre niveles macro, microsociales y psicológicos.     

Satisfacción residencial en un barrio remodelado: Predictores físicos y sociales

Resumen

El trabajo que aquí se presenta consiste en una investigación llevada a cabo en un área de remodelación, con dos objetivos primordiales: Por un lado, comprobar en que medida las categorías de «casa», «barrio» y «vecinos» son dimensiones importantes para el estudio de satisfacción residencial; y en segundo lugar, encontrar predictores físicos y sociales de dicho constructo a través de un instrumento válido a tal fin. Los resultados obtenidos en una muestra de 232 amas de casa, confirman la relevancia de las categorías mencionadas anteriormente. En cuanto al segundo objetivo, un análisis de regresión multiple pone de manifiesto que son cuatro los factores que más explican la satisfacción residencial en este área concreta, siendo el «aislamiento térmico» el más importante de ellos.     

镇泾地区长8段致密低渗透油藏主控因素分析

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘镇泾地区长8油藏具有渗透率低、丰度低、储量大的特点,已钻遇的多口高产井显示出长8良好的油气勘探潜力。通过沉积微层、层序、裂缝及湖盆底形分析,认为长81中期基准面上升半旋回中部的坝顶席状砂为高效储层发育段;与基底断裂有关的裂缝极大地改善了低渗透储层的渗流能力;长8湖盆底形的起伏控制着早白垩世晚期铁方解石的胶结作用,底形的高点是铁方解石弱胶结区,储层物性相对较好,为甜点发育区。通过主控因素分析,提出长8致密低渗透油藏勘探思路及工作方法,即“定层序、占高点、追裂缝、打河道”     

Staffing Call Centers with Uncertain Arrival Rates and Co‐sourcing

In a call center, staffing decisions must be made before the call arrival rate is known with certainty. Once the arrival rate becomes known, the call center may be over‐staffed, in which case staff are being paid to be idle, or under‐staffed, in which case many callers hang‐up in the face of long wait times. Firms that have chosen to keep their call center operations in‐house can mitigate this problem by co‐sourcing; that is, by sometimes outsourcing calls. Then, the required staffing N depends on how the firm chooses which calls to outsource in real time, after the arrival rate realizes and the call center operates as a M/M/N + M queue with an outsourcing option. Our objective is to find a joint policy for staffing and call outsourcing that minimizes the long‐run average cost of this two‐stage stochastic program when there is a linear staffing cost per unit time and linear costs associated with abandonments and outsourcing. We propose a policy that uses a square‐root safety staffing rule, and outsources calls in accordance with a threshold rule that characterizes when the system is “too crowded.” Analytically, we establish that our proposed policy is asymptotically optimal, as the mean arrival rate becomes large, when the level of uncertainty in the arrival rate is of the same order as the inherent system fluctuations in the number of waiting customers for a known arrival rate. Through an extensive numerical study, we establish that our policy is extremely robust. In particular, our policy performs remarkably well over a wide range of parameters, and far beyond where it is proved to be asymptotically optimal.     

Proprietary costs,governance and the segment disclosure decision

Focusing on the Spanish setting, characterized by high ownership concentration and a regulatory framework that traditionally has given more priority to the avoidance of proprietary and competition costs related to disclosure than to promoting transparency, this paper aims to identify the main factors influencing the segment reporting decision. In particular, we aim to test whether the strength of concentrated ownership structures together with the persistence of the pre-IAS reporting philosophy offsets the role of independent directors. If this is the case, it would be in spite of the new IAS/IFRS reporting standards based on relevance and transparency, and would also run counter to the improvements in the Spanish governance framework which strengthens the presence of independent non-executive directors. The empirical evidence suggests that, under the new IAS/IFRS reporting philosophy, proprietary costs may have lost relevance due to the introduction of mandatory segment information requirements. In addition, within an institutional context of high ownership concentration, independent directors play a significant role in raising the level of reported information. The context of the new IFRS 8 offers opportunities to observe how governance and proprietary costs affect the new ‘management approach’ to segment classification.     

Political History and Disparities in Safe Motherhood Between Guatemala and Honduras

Each year, worldwide, more than 500,000 women die of complications from childbirth, making this a leading cause of death globally for adult women of reproductive age. Nearly all studies that have sought to explain the persistence of high maternal mortality levels have focused on the supply of and demand for particular health services. We argue that inquiry on health services is useful but insufficient. Robust explanations for safe motherhood outcomes require examination of factors lying deeper in the causal chain. We compare the cases of Guatemala and Honduras to examine historical and structural influences on maternal mortality. Despite being a poorer country than Guatemala, Honduras has a superior safe motherhood record. We argue that four historical and structural factors stand behind this difference: Honduras's relatively stable and Guatemala's turbulent modern political history; the presence of a marginalized indigenous population in Guatemala, but not in Honduras, that the state has had difficulty reaching; a conservative Catholic Church that has played a larger role in Guatemala than Honduras in blocking priority for reproductive health; and more effective advocacy for maternal mortality reduction in Honduras than Guatemala in the face of this opposition.     

Measuring Dimensions of Perceived Discrimination in Five Stigmatized Groups

The purpose of this investigation was to design and validate a multidimensional scale with the potential to measure perceived discrimination in different stigmatized groups. The study was carried out in Spain with a sample of 1,016 participants belonging to five stigmatized groups: Latin American immigrants, Romanian immigrants, people with HIV, gays and lesbians. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the existence of four dimensions in the scale: blatant group discrimination, subtle group discrimination, blatant individual discrimination, and subtle individual discrimination. In accordance with the literature, the scale presents positive relations with the stigma consciousness scale (Pinel in J Pers Soc Psychol 76:114–128, 1999) and negative relations with two measures of psychological well-being, affect balance and self-acceptance. Likewise, the results indicate that the perception of subtle individual discrimination is more negatively associated with participants’ psychological well-being.     

On the effects of public and private transfers on capital accumulation: some lessons from the NTA aggregates

Intergenerational transfers are a very important part of our daily economic activity. These transfers, whether familial or public, may influence our economic decisions to the same extent that financial markets do. In this paper, we seek to shed some light on the effects of transfers on capital accumulation in the face of demographic aging. In particular, a general equilibrium overlapping generations model with realistic public and familial transfers drawn from the National Transfer Accounts project is implemented to Spain. Given that, in this case, net familial transfers mainly go from parents to children while public transfers go from children to parents, it is shown that the Spanish baby boom and baby bust could lead to capital depletion and a reduction in consumption per capita.     

The value of audit quality in public and private companies: evidence from Spain

This paper compares the value of audit quality, proxied by the selection of a big N auditor, to the external claimholders of private and public companies. Although the combination of a lower ownership concentration of public companies, the greater demand for financial information quality about these companies and their higher litigation risk can result in the expectation that audit quality should be more valuable for public than for private companies, the greater information asymmetry between the managers and the external stakeholders and the unavailability of alternative mechanisms for monitoring the managers can make external audit more valuable for the external claimholders of private companies. In this paper, we test these two competing views by analysing if banks and lenders take into account auditor selection in the formation of the cost of debt. Our results support the second view: we find that only private companies obtain a lower cost of debt when they are audited by a high-quality auditor. These results are robust to both endogeneity and unobserved firm-specific heterogeneity.     

Covid and Public Funds: More Opportunities for a Misuse? The Case of the Intermediate Governments of Galicia

Public Organization Review - Corruption and inefficiency of public funds pose a risk in public administrations. This paper analyses the corruption risk at the local level by analysing indicators of...