“狂飙突进”时代的偏激——对五四作家心理状态的审视与反思

五四作家普遍表现出偏激情绪 ,其心理根源于作家们严重的焦虑和孤独与强烈的叛逆。而作家们的这种心理又是当时社会现实与作家个人经历、天赋禀性的产物。作家们的偏激情绪产生了激进的思想和激烈的言论 ,一方面以其狂飙突进的气势猛烈攻击封建传统与旧文化 ,另一方面由于潜在的农民文化心理的作用而不可避免地留下不少缺憾。同时 ,这种偏激情绪在文学创作中也产生了一定的影响     

《自然辩证法》的“自然”:生态伦理学的自然本体论

在《自然辩证法》中,恩格斯从自在自然和属人自然两个维度对自然的内核进行了科学和哲学双重解读。从自在自然看,自然具有自组织性、先在性和系统性、有机性,是惯常行程的自我生成,具有存在论意义。因而生态伦理学应该走出对人的"固恋","扩大道德共同体的边界",把自然纳入伦理的怀抱。从属人自然看,自然是人本学的自然与社会的自然的耦合,是对象性活动中的人化生成,具有对象性意义。劳动的对象性决定了人对自然的依赖性,决定了保全自然的逻辑必然性。如此,恩格斯对自然的本质规定性的理解,既超越了非人类中心主义的"无文明的生态",又超越了人类中心主义的"无生态的文明";它为生态伦理学的成立提供了充分的"自然本体论证明"。     

Impact of metabolic status on the association of serum vitamin D with hypogonadism and lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of metabolic status on associations of serum vitamin D with hypogonadism and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Patients and methods: A total of 612 men underwent physical examination, biochemical/hormonal blood testing, and transrectal prostate ultrasound. Moreover, the subjects filled out standard questionnaires for identification and grading of LUTS and hypogonadism symptoms. Parameters were statistically compared with independent t-tests and correlation analyses.

Results: Vitamin D levels positively correlated with total testosterone (TT) but not with prostate volume or International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Patients with metabolic syndrome had significantly lower vitamin D levels, which were not correlated with TT, prostate volume, or IPSS. However, vitamin D was positively correlated with TT, and negatively correlated with prostate volume and quality-of-life IPSS in subjects without metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion: The clinical usefulness of vitamin D for treatment of hypogonadism or LUTS/BPH varies according to metabolic status.     

Additive mixed effect model for recurrent gap time data

Gap times between recurrent events are often of primary interest in medical and observational studies. The additive hazards model, focusing on risk differences rather than risk ratios, has been widely used in practice. However, the marginal additive hazards model does not take the dependence among gap times into account. In this paper, we propose an additive mixed effect model to analyze gap time data, and the proposed model includes a subject-specific random effect to account for the dependence among the gap times. Estimating equation approaches are developed for parameter estimation, and the asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators are established. In addition, some graphical and numerical procedures are presented for model checking. The finite sample behavior of the proposed methods is evaluated through simulation studies, and an application to a data set from a clinic study on chronic granulomatous disease is provided.     

环境公共治理政策的效果评价与优化组合研究

本文构建了包含环境治理体系的动态一般均衡模型,基于模型的研究发现,在经济增长方面生产者补贴较为有效;而技术研发补贴在技术进步中的作用十分显著,其通过“研发投入→绿色技术提升→降低污染物排放”的路径可以实现环境质量的改善.此外,本文还模拟了生产者补贴和技术研发补贴的政策组合对社会福利和污染排放的影响,结果显示,政府可以采用生产者价格补贴或技术研发补贴促进产出水平增长进而提高社会福利水平,同时增大生产者价格补贴和技术研发补贴的幅度则能够通过提高技术水平促使污染水平不断下降.最后,本文给出了社会福利增进与环境质量改善双重目标下生产补贴和技术研发补贴政策的可行性区域,进行了环境公共治理政策的优化组合研究.     

基于化学反应算法的鲜活农产品配送路径优化

文章通过引入时间价格因子考虑在鲜活农产品配送过程的损耗并结合运输成本和惩罚成本构建数学模型.从实际的运用环境出发,考虑到未在期望获得时间内达到运输地点的成本消耗,并且随着时间的推移,鲜活农产品本身也有成本损耗构建目标函数.根据该模型的特点设计化学反应的最小单元分子结构和算法步骤.运用化学反应算法可以很好地解决模型算法过早收敛于局部最优问题.通过实例验证了模型和算法的有效性和科学性.     

基于累积和控制图改进的累积得分控制图

文章针对双边的区域控制图的累积得分思想,设计单边累积得分控制图.利用马尔科夫链的方法计算其平均链长,并与传统的控制图比较.结合快速初始响应方法,设置改进控制图的初始响应值,与带有初始响应的累积和控制图进行过程失控的平均链长的对比.在存在偶然性因素下,改进控制图与传统累积和控制图比较.     

Adaptive multiple importance sampling for Gaussian processes

In applications of Gaussian processes (GPs) where quantification of uncertainty is a strict requirement, it is necessary to accurately characterize the posterior distribution over Gaussian process covariance parameters. This is normally done by means of standard Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, which require repeated expensive calculations involving the marginal likelihood. Motivated by the desire to avoid the inefficiencies of MCMC algorithms rejecting a considerable amount of expensive proposals, this paper develops an alternative inference framework based on adaptive multiple importance sampling (AMIS). In particular, this paper studies the application of AMIS for GPs in the case of a Gaussian likelihood, and proposes a novel pseudo-marginal-based AMIS algorithm for non-Gaussian likelihoods, where the marginal likelihood is unbiasedly estimated. The results suggest that the proposed framework outperforms MCMC-based inference of covariance parameters in a wide range of scenarios.