阿布哈兹人的生育习俗和礼仪

同孩子的生命(包括孩子出生)有关的习俗和礼仪跟结婚仪式一样,在民族学著作中通常被看成是一系列特殊的家庭礼仪,这些仪礼只有一个目的,即保障社会新成员平安出世及生活顺利。目前还没有描述阿布哈兹人生儿育女的一系列习俗和礼仪的专门著作。本文在某种程度上填补了这个空白。它是在作者对阿布哈兹人的日常生活进行多年观察的基础上写出来的,同时还利用了1982年收集到的实地考察资料。孩子出生在阿布哈兹人家里被看作是极为重要的事情。特别高兴的是生了儿子,人们把他看作是     

阿萨姆的微型泰人共同体

一泰人在印度东北部,特别是在阿萨姆的历史上曾经起过重要作用。其重要性主要表现在,他们是公元1228年从东北部发动入侵,取得成功,并在印度土地上建立起一个存在了很长时间的王国的唯一民族。从最早时期,直到莫卧尔人出现,所有其他入侵都来自西北部。泰人王国——阿霍姆(Ahom)王国——的出现,在阿萨姆历史上是如此之重要,以致那里的中世纪时期的开端即从这一时刻算起。确实,早期不列颠行政官员也认为,阿萨姆的历史只能从阿霍姆人的入侵开始。     

萨满服饰的象征意义

西伯利亚萨满服饰根据S·沙什科夫近一个世纪前的研究,每一位西伯利亚萨满都必须有:1.上面悬挂着圆铁盘和神话动物形象的卡夫坦式长袍;2.一副面具(在塔迪贝-萨莫耶德人那里是一块手帕,萨满用它蒙上眼睛,这样可以借助自己的灵光进入神灵世界);3.一副铁制的或铜制的胸饰;4.一顶帽子,作者认为它是萨满的主要特征之一。在雅库特人的长袍的背部中央,有代表“太阳”的圆盘,其中有一个穿     

在公共服务递送中运营共同生产：服务蓝图的贡献

本文认为,公共服务应从以产品为主导的逻辑转向服务途径。通过采取服务导向,公共服务递送的经验性、组织间和系统性,以及作为共同生产者的服务使用者角色,将一同被考虑。论文将通过服务蓝图的应用,解释共同生产如何操作。并介绍了高等教育中的一个案例。在这一案例中,蓝图的创建将师生汇聚在一起,专注于学生入学的设计,从而改善学生体验,并支持共同生产。      

Differences by gender, ethnicity, and acculturation in the efficacy of the keepin' it REAL model prevention program

This study examined whether the efficacy of keepin' it REAL, a model program for substance use prevention in schools, was moderated by gender, ethnicity, and acculturation. Gender differences in program efficacy may arise through boys' higher risk of drug use, inadequate attention to girls' developmental issues, or cultural factors like polarized gender expectations. Data came from a randomized trial in 35 Phoenix, Arizona, middle schools involving 4,622 mostly Latino 7th graders. Using multi-level mixed models and multiple imputation missing techniques, results for the total sample showed no gender differences in program effects on recent substance use, but the program was more effective in fostering boys' than girls' anti-drug norms. Subgroup analyses demonstrated several more beneficial program effects for boys than girls (less alcohol and cigarette use and stronger anti-drug norms), but only among less acculturated Latinos. There were no gender differences in program effects among more acculturated Latinos, nor among non-Latino whites.     

Analysis of strategic plans to assess planning for sustainability of comprehensive community initiatives

In order to achieve the intended impact on a community, comprehensive community initiatives must sustain programs once they have been implemented. However, planning for sustainability is challenging and is rarely incorporated in the planning process of an initiative. The current study examined 19 5-year plans developed during the planning phase of the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to assess the extent to which the construct of sustainability was incorporated. The plan analysis was supplemented with results from other components of the complex evaluation design implemented as part of the process evaluation of Comprehensive Strategy. Results suggested that sustainability was not accounted for during the planning phase of this initiative. The implications of these findings, including the importance of planning for sustainability in order to achieve sustainability, are discussed.     

The changing practice of eating: evidence from UK time diaries, 1975 and 2000

This paper examines some central themes about change in consumption behaviour through an empirical investigation of the practice of eating. It analyses patterns of food consumption in the UK using time diary data from 1975 and 2000. The practice of eating is decomposed into four component activities which are used to explore systematically the inter-relationships between social processes - such as commodification and temporal fragmentation - and ways of providing and consuming food. It charts the expansion of eating out, the degree to which it substitutes for other eating activities, and the implications of its development for social relations and the temporal organization of daily life. Analysis reveals that food consumption continues to be differentiated along established lines of social division, although the content of those divisions has changed and varies across components of the practice. Increasing commodification of the food chain is documented, but without appearing to have a corrosive impact on household organization or social relationships. While tendencies indicative of temporal fragmentation are revealed, counter-tendencies exist which suggest that the practice of eating is resilient to many forms of external pressure. Finally, the application of a practice-based analytical approach permits critical evaluation of theories of social transformation.