The demography of disability and the effects of immigrant history: Older Asians in the United States

Using data from the 2000 U.S. census, we compare the older Asian population with U.S.-born, non-Hispanic whites with respect to three indicators of disability. Insofar as any Asian "advantage" in health vis-a-vis whites exists among the population aged 65 and over, our evidence suggests that it occurs primarily among the U.S.-born segments of this population. We also investigate how differences in disability levels among Asian immigrant groups are influenced by country of birth and by the combined effects of duration of residence in the United States and life cycle stage at entry. These results highlight the diversity of the older Asian population with respect to the ways in which immigration and origin history are linked to disability outcomes. We conclude that in later life, immigrant status confers few disability advantages among the Asian population in the United States.     

How do marital status,work effort,and wage rates interact?

How marital status interacts with men's earnings is an important analytic and policy issue, especially in the context of debates in the United States over programs that encourage healthy marriage. This paper generates new findings about the earnings-marriage relationship by estimating the linkages among flows into and out of marriage, work effort, and wage rates. The estimates are based on National Longitudinal Survey of Youth panel data, covering 23 years of marital and labor market outcomes, and control for unobserved heterogeneity. We estimate marriage effects on hours worked (our proxy for work effort) and on wage rates for all men and for black and low-skilled men separately. The estimates reveal that entering marriage raises hours worked quickly and substantially but that marriage's effect on wage rates takes place more slowly while men continue in marriage. Together; the stimulus to hours worked and wage rates generates an 18%-19% increase in earnings, with about one-third to one-half of the marriage earnings premium attributable to higher work effort. At the same time, higher wage rates and hours worked encourage men to marry and to stay married. Thus, being married and having high earnings reinforce each other over time.     

Stress and dress: investigating the relationship between social anxiety and appearance management among gay and straight men

This research project explores the relationship between social anxiety and appearance management behaviors (AMB), including both routine and non-routine, among gay and straight men and women. Prior research had found links between AMB and stress (Reilly & Rudd, 2002), stress and (perceived) discrimination (Lee, 1997; Savin-Williams, 1994), and sexual orientation and weight (Brand, Rothblum, & Solom, 1992). An argument is made that links stress with AMB using the foundation of Social Comparison Theory (Festinger, 1954) as a guide. Research questions investigated were: (1) Is there a correlation between stress and AMB; (2) Is there a significant difference between body mass indices of men and women of differing sexual orientations; (3) How do AMB differ between those with gay and straight orientations; and (4) How do AMB differ between men and women? Using a survey design, a questionnaire was posted on the Internet. Measures included the Rudd/Lennon Appearance Management Scale of Routine and Risky Behaviors and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A total of 365 usable forms were completed. Results show that social anxiety is positively correlated with non-routine AMB, or behaviors that carry some risk. Gay and straight participants differed on the routine AMB they practiced. Men and women differed on the non-routine or risky AMB they practiced or would consider practicing. Implications are discussed and further research is suggested.     

Gender differences in predictors of late-life health insurance knowledge

For many older adults having access to affordable health care is a major concern. The present study's goal was to examine what factors were related to individuals' knowledge of late-life health insurance. A total of 131 women and 116 men (all aged 55-71) answered questions about private, Medicare, Medigap, and long-term care insurances. In addition, they answered demographic, personality, and health status questions. Results revealed that different factors are related to men's and women's knowledge of late-life health insurance options implying genderspecific educational interventions would be more effective than current educational interventions.     

全球化与亚洲妇女的有酬劳动

１．引言近些年来,没有别的哪个概念像“全球化”这样引起如此之多的议论和争论。以此为关键词在网上一找,一下就找到了上千的论文和专著。全球化什么时候开始的？已经到了什么程度？全球化的世界将会是什么模样？它有没有使得国家过时,或是使之削弱？或者,如某些人申论的那样,它竟然反而在某些方面使国家得以加强？全球化是个经济的、政治的、文化的、社会的过程,抑或是无所不包？它对市民社会有什么影响？有些论者坚持说,全球化无非现代化进程或者资本主义发展的继续,另一些学者则宣称它是一种新现象。有些人认为全球化无可抗拒,另外一些…     

论当代新疆各民族文化转型及表现

当代新疆各民族文化的转型进程 ,是在改革开放进程的直接推动下发生的一种必然的和现实的过程。本世纪 2 0年代 ,美国学者皮萨尔提出文化具有显示文化和隐示文化这两个层次。所谓显示文化是指明显的表层的文化 ,即文化中使人能够耳闻目睹的 ,甚至可以看得见、摸得着 ,具有明确的形态和模式的层次。隐示文化则是一个与显示文化相对的概念 ,指的是文化中隐蔽的、深层的观念和模式。新疆各民族文化转型既表现在显示文化 ,即看得见、摸得着的那一层次上的变迁进程中 ,也表现在比较内在的、隐蔽的、深层的观念和模式 ,即所谓的隐示文化层次的变迁…     

新时期的高校民族团结教育及其路径选择

在当前国际国内形势巨变的新时期,我国高校开展和加强民族团结教育显得尤为迫切和重要,高校民族团结教育的路径选择问题值得深入探讨.本文首先对有关民族团结教育问题的研究进行了简单回顾,然后指明了在高校进行民族团结教育的重大意义,接着从制度、物质、思想三个方面就开展和加强民族团结教育的相关保障问题进行探讨,最后从课堂教育、活动教育、实践教育、其他途径等四个方面就民族团结教育的方式方法提出了相关建议.     

印度东北与中国西南的民族志诗歌

印度东北与中国西南在地域上山水相连,相互之间的文化交流是非常密切的。这个区域里居住着众多的民族或族群,他们的文化相似性和可比性是很明显的。从跨国的视角来探寻文化互动或文化个性,这是一个理想的地域。这些不同民族或族群身份的诗人写作的民族志诗歌是探寻各自文化共性和个性的较好途径：虽然诗歌创作过程中采用不同的语言,印度东北的土著诗人通常用英语写作,中国西南少数民族诗人经常用汉语写作,但是这些诗人都受到了近代西方现代主义诗歌潮流的影响。同时,这些诗人的诗歌也受到了当下全球化的影响,比如本民族传统文化与文化教育现代化、全球生态环境日益恶化等等冲突的影响。因为受到了相似的影响,这个区域内的民族志诗歌的风格和肌理是可以比较的;诗歌的主题和内容也是可以展开对比研究的。     

多样化的现代性:全球化时代中的基督教、伊斯兰教和印度教

20世纪晚期 ,作为跨地域文化系统的世界宗教发生了影响深远的变化。本文旨在考察基督教、伊斯兰教和印度教三大宗教最近之变迁的政治性和意义。文章重点讨论那些重构宗教意义和权威的诸多力量的本质、推动归信和标准化的过程以及这些宗教重构对我们理解后期现代性本身的启发。本文认为 ,尽管现代性是多样化的 ,每个传统也都是独特的 ,但由于大众社会的全球化和晚期现代性的多元主义的缘故 ,所有这些宗教都面临着一个相似的困境