滨湖园林旅游风景区小城镇规划初探——结合巢湖市中庙镇总体规划实例

滨湖旅游风景区的小城镇不是一般意义上的小城镇 ,其规划设计必须发掘地区的历史文脉和文化特色 ,在自然生态和人文生态上做深而精的研究 ,构筑旅游的特色 ;同时 ,要复兴山水文化城镇的理想模式 ,提高人居环境品质 ,保证规划有长远发展的弹性 ,加强观念、制度和文化设施的建设 ,整体探索此类小城镇开发建设的规划设计方法     

论文化常识在翻译中的作用

虽然译者不能仅凭词典中的释义来确定具体一篇文章中某词的准切意义 ,但是它对译者理解原文仍然有参考的作用。在作翻译工作时 ,不仅要深刻 ,准确理解原文含义 ,还要摆脱原文的束缚 ,然后尽可能在译入语中找到对等词来表达。本文通过对Government一词在不同语境中表达不同所指意义的分析 ,说明了翻译工作的成败 ,不仅依赖于英文功底深厚 ,很大程度上还取决于译者对英语国家及译入语国家文化常识的了解程度。     

外来文化对早期土家族的影响—来凤仙佛寺摩崖造像的考证

湖北来凤仙佛寺摩崖造像始于何时,一曰东晋,一曰五代,均以残碑“文字”为证而得出结论。笔者经过实地考察,主要从造像的题材、样式与中原、四川等地区佛教造像流布情况的分析比较中,得出与前两说不相同的结论,并就此阐明了仙佛寺的文化意义。     

Youth Society in Early Modern France: A Literary and Social Historical Analysis of the World of Secondary Schoolchildren

This study examines the youth society which was created in the lycées and collèges of France in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Using literary and social-historical records the personal and social experiences of youth in this milieu are delineated. A literary ethnography is constructed that presents a composite portrait of these actors'lives and society. In addition to certain beliefs, practices, and rules, authoritarian/coercive relations and hierarchical social structures are found to characterize this youth society. Attention is directed to the importance of explaining the emergence of this historical instance of a youth society within an elite school system in a way which identifies important structural processes operating in this setting and the larger societal context.     

Reluctant Reforms: The Case of Kazakhstan

This paper investigates what happens during reluctant reforms in which normative imperatives conflict with self-interest. In the literature one of the expected outcomes is hypocrisy. However, the claim of hypocrisy is a strong one and needs backing. The purpose of this paper is to investigate on the basis of which indicators such claims can be warranted and whether these indicators are found in the case of reforms in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The common thread in the literature about hypocrisy is the point of inconsistency. Inconsistency in two ways: in the case of reforms to claim to induce huge changes, while resulting in nominal reforms, not changing anything; and inconsistency in the reactions to and opinions about such changes showing ‘differential judgments according to contexts’. This is investigated for the reforms in Kazakhstan with regard to promoting democracy and protecting human rights during the last decade. The analysis argues that these reforms as well as the international reactions do possess all the elements indicative for hypocrisy. At the end the implications for research on reforms are discussed.     

Contesting gender stereotypes stimulates generalized fairness in the selection of leaders

Exposure to counter-stereotypic gender role models (e.g., a woman engineer) has been shown to successfully reduce the application of biased gender stereotypes. We tested the hypothesis that such efforts may more generally lessen the application of stereotypic knowledge in other (non-gendered) domains. Specifically, based on the notion that counter-stereotypes can stimulate a lesser reliance on heuristic thinking, we predicted that contesting gender stereotypes would eliminate a more general group prototypicality bias in the selection of leaders. Three studies supported this hypothesis. After exposing participants to a counter-stereotypic gender role model, group prototypicality no longer predicted leadership evaluation and selection. We discuss the implications of these findings for groups and organizations seeking to capitalize on the benefits of an increasingly diverse workforce.     

Same difference? Exploring the differential mechanisms linking servant leadership and transformational leadership to follower outcomes

This paper aimed to provide insights into the different mediating mechanisms through which servant leadership (SL) and transformational leadership (TFL) affect followers. We also investigated environmental uncertainty as a moderator of the effects of servant leadership and transformational leadership. Based on the results of two experimental studies and one field study, we concluded that both SL and TFL were related to organizational commitment and work engagement; however, the manner in which they exerted their influence differed. SL worked primarily through follower need satisfaction, whereas TFL worked mainly through perceived leadership effectiveness. The moderating influence of uncertainty was inconsistent across the studies.     

Characterizing how to aggregate the individuals�� deprivations in a multidimensional framework

Most of the existing multidimensional poverty indices are constructed in two steps. First, the deprivation felt by each individual with respect to each attribute is computed. Then, these deprivations are aggregated to form a summary index of the overall deprivation. This paper explores properties for the aggregation stage and analyzes their implications. The axioms we propose are necessary and sufficient to characterize a procedure to aggregate the different individuals’ deprivations in order to measure the extent of deprivation in society.