生活在第一线

在政治家与记者之间,站着一个至关重要的角色——发言人。本文是美国国务院前发言人詹姆斯·鲁宾的经验之谈。     

罗莎·卢森堡与发展中国家金融危机的社会化

顾海良从马克思主义的问题和传统这两个层面,分析了罗莎·卢森堡思想研究的当代意义在问题层面上,通过分析两个世纪之交历史发展的相似处和不同点,指出研究罗莎·卢森堡所处时代的特点及其思想,对我们理解马克思主义历史命运问题的启示;在传统层面上,提出恩格斯逝世以后马克思主义的理论分野产生三个支流,其中以德国社会民主党罗莎·卢森堡理论为渊源的西方马克思主义,其代表人物卢卡奇、柯尔施、葛兰西均受罗莎·卢森堡的影响。简·托伯罗维斯基研究了罗莎·卢森堡对金融危机的治疗办法,强调其与发展中国家具有更大的相关性。彼特·胡第斯指出,罗莎·卢森堡的后资本主义社会观念,讨论了当今时代的重要问题——获取政权后对革命民主的需要。夏莹分析了拉克劳与墨菲对“卢森堡困境”的批判,指出这一困境并不存在,其所反映出的正是卢森堡试图通过对特殊性(偶然性)的强调,来建构一种马克思哲学意义上的普遍性,因而她与拉克劳的领导权理论恰恰具有本质上的家族相似性。     

中国蒙古文学史料学的起始与发展

蒙古文学研究的基础和前提是蒙古文学史料。随着国内外蒙古文学研究的不断拓展和深入,蒙古文学史料搜集整理已逐步发展成为蒙古文学史料学。蒙古文学史料学包括蒙古文学的田野调查、史料整理、考订、选录、笺释、校注、校勘、辑评等诸多研究内涵。中国蒙古文学研究取得巨大成就,得益于蒙古文学史料学的长足发展。我们应当总结以往蒙古文学史料学研究的经验,使蒙古文学史料学更加系统化、科学化和理论化。     

Assimilation process and group integration of migrant families

This empirical analysis gives 1st answers to the question of which effects some specific types of interaction structures within migrant families have on the assimilation process of family members and their personal integration. The analysis is based on a sample of 92 Turkish women and 123 Turkish men in the Bonn-Cologne area of West Germany. Questionnaires examine variables such as 1) urbanization of the context of origin, 2) household complexity, 3) availability of ethnic infrastructure, 4) residential proximity of Turkish friends and relatives; 5) school education of respondent and spouse; and 6) occupational prestige before migration. The study considers the following dimensions of social and cultural assimilation: 1) housing quality, 2) use of ethnic and general infrastructure, and 3) use of ethnic minority and mainstream cultural facilities. Results of empirical analyses on the housing conditions of migrants show that 1) motivational factors of the migrant family are unrelated to choice of a housing area, but are related to apartment quality; and 2) housing conditions differ markedly, depending on the type of combination of task-allocation and decision-making power in the family. Use of infrastructure 1) declines in Turkish families in which women's participation in family tasks is relatively high, 2) is determined most by the opportunity structure of the housing area and the interaction structure within the family; and 3) is a necessary step between the reorganization of the family's interaction structure and the participation in a broader spectrum of institutions of the receiving society. The family structure has no significant effect on participation in the minority culture. The extent of minority-culture rise has no direct relationship to the individual assimilation of family members. The empirical data support the basic theoretical assumption that the group integration of the migrant family has considerable effects on the assimilation process of its individual members. In conclusion, 1) opportunities for assimilation are increased by the combined resources of the migrants family household, and 2) continuing individual autonomy contributes severely to a reduced personal integration.     

AIDS as a political issue: working with the sexually prostituted in the Philippines

An estimated 200,000-500,000 men, women, and children work in prostitution in the Philippines in a variety of venues, including brothels, nightclubs, pubs, massage parlors, and other legitimate entertainment establishments. Few, however, are voluntary prostitutes. Many people who work as prostitutes have been recruited from the provinces, kept in conditions similar to slavery, and forced to earn money from prostitution to pay for their transportation, board, and lodging. Many prostitutes work in urban centers and tourist resorts in the countryside. During the 1970s, then President Ferdinand Marcos promoted tourism as a major industry, effectively marketing attractive Filipinas to tourists. Sex tourism has flourished in the country ever since. Thousands of prostitutes are also located in Olongapo and Angeles, 2 cities north of Manila, from where they serve the sexual desires of US military personnel. The presence of US military personnel in the Philippines has always been associated with prostitution. The country's social hygiene centers, prostitutes in Manila and Davao, and AIDS education are briefly discussed.     

Spatial differentiation of the socioeconomic composition of the population

Differences in population characteristics among the administrative districts of Poland are analyzed. The characteristics examined include density, place of employment, urban population growth, population employed in agriculture, and migration.     

Post-war immigration in the United States and the state of Minnesota: the process of entering an all-American community

The author focuses on characteristics of Polish immigrants in Minnesota in the years since World War II. Particular attention is given to the immigrants' adaptation to the American way of life and to democratic institutions after being accustomed to centralized power in a socialist system. "This article is based on participant observation, publications concerning immigration to the United States, and unstructured interviews with newcomers from Poland and other Eastern European countries." Distinctions are made among the characteristics of Polish-Americans, pre-World War II immigrants, war immigrants, and those who have come during the last 20 years, including groups that the author identifies as the "calculated-decision" immigrants, the post-Solidarity immigrants, and the "adjusted visitor" immigrants. Consideration is given to the demographic characteristics, legal status, education and employment, and territorial mobility of 35 Poles living in Minnesota who were interviewed by the author. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)     

The labour market experiences of Canadian immigrants

The economic adaptation of immigrants to Canada is analyzed using government data on the labor force and landed immigrants. In particular, the labor force experience of a sample of immigrants in Canada is examined and compared with that of a Canadian cohort with regard to length of unemployment and income. "Differences in unemployment and insurable earnings are examined by age, sex, immigrant category..., world area of last permanent residence, official language abilities, education, and region of residence." (summary in FRE, SPA)