The effect of services coordination teams on outcomes for children in state custody

The author describes the results of a quasi-experimental study of the effects of interorganizational services coordination teams on the quality and outcomes of services to children in state custody. The findings suggest that services coordination teams improve access to services and enhance service outcomes. Children served by services coordination teams were more likely to be placed in less restrictive residential settings, more like to be placed in settings appropriate to their levels of psycho-social functioning, and more likely to receive needed services from the state's mental health system. Moreover, those children with the most serious externalizing problem (i.e., aggressive, antisocial) behavior made more progress when served by services coordination teams.     

中国近代资产阶级的社会结构

在本世纪20年代,中国的近代资本家,当他们作为一个阶级的重要性日益被城市社会广泛承认以后,便逐渐形成为一个具有自己特点和紧密结合的社会阶级。在那个时代,经济活动的杰出人物,已不再需要参加官僚机构而充当领导阶级的成员了。百万富翁想买个一官半职,以便能够同当局对话,也已经不是时候。即使文凭或学历仍然保持其权威,他们要想改     

Does Human Capital Raise Earnings for Immigrants in the Low-Skill Labor Market?

We use monthly Survey of Income and Program Participation data from 1996–1999 and 2001–2003 to estimate the determinants of differentiation in intercepts and slopes for age/earnings profiles of low-skill immigrant and native male workers. Our findings provide further depth of understanding to the“mixed” picture of earnings determination in the low-skill labor market that has been reported by others. On the positive side, many immigrants are employed in similar occupations and industries as natives. Both groups show substantial wage gains over time and generally receive similar returns to years of schooling completed. Immigrants also receive substantial returns to acculturation, measured as age at arrival and English language skill. These results cast doubt on the strong version of segmented labor market theory, in which low-skill immigrants are permanently consigned to dead-end jobs with no wage appreciation. On the negative side, immigrants earn approximately 24% less than natives and are less likely to occupy supervisory and managerial jobs. Latino immigrants receive lower returns to education than do white immigrants. Furthermore, age at arrival and language ability do not explain the lower returns to education experienced by Latino immigrants. These results suggest that Latino immigrants in particular may suffer from barriers to mobility and/or wage discrimination. Whether these negative labor market experiences occur primarily for illegal immigrants remains unknown.     

Relationship between sarcopenia and fracture risks in obese postmenopausal women

It is known that obesity is inversely correlated with fracture risk. It remains unclear if a low muscle mass (sarcopenia) modulates the relationship between obesity and bone mass density. Twenty-seven obese women were matched for total fat mass (+/- 0.5 kg) and age (+/- 4 yrs) and divided in 3 equal groups: class II sarcopenic, class I sarcopenic, and nonsarcopenic. Body composition (DXA) and dietary intake were measured. Our results suggest that obesity may offer some protection against osteoporosis, even in sarcopenic postmenopausal women. However, further studies are needed to examine the actual implication of these results on a clinical standpoint.     

Internet use for health information among college students

Use of the Internet to retrieve health information is increasingly common. The authors surveyed 743 undergraduate students at 2 academic institutions to examine their Internet use, health-seeking behaviors, and attitudes related to the use of the Internet to obtain health information. Fifty-three percent of the respondents indicated that they would like to get health information online, and 28% reported that they would like to attend a health program online. Overall, 74% of the students reported having ever received health information online, and more than 40% reported that they frequently searched the Internet for information. They used various search engines and multiple Web sites to find health information. Issues related to the credibility of the information on health Web sites were crucial considerations for students. The study found differences in Internet use for health information by gender and by level of Internet experience.     

当兄弟们共享一个妻子时

多杰(Dorje)赶着他的牦牛群在翻越 1. 7万英尺高的大山时,只顾得上休息一次。几星期后,他和哥哥白玛(Pema)、索南 (Sonam)将共同与邻村的一个女人结婚,所以,他着急回家帮忙做准备。兄弟三人都是生活在尼泊尔西北角里米地区的藏人,这个方圆 200平方英里的地区与西藏接壤。他们将要进入的婚姻形式在人类学术语中被称为兄弟型一妻多夫制,尽管在世界上极为罕见,但在沿袭这种习俗由来已久的藏族社会中却再寻常不过。对于许多藏人来说,兄弟型一妻多夫制从传统上体现了理想的婚姻和家庭形式。兄弟型一妻多夫制的结构很简单,即两个、三个、四个或…     

生产关系的性质及其与上层建筑的相互关系

大家知道,列宁把“不通过人们意识而形成”的关系叫做物质关系,而把“首先通过人们意识形成”的关系叫做思想关系。这一划分建立在马克思的结论的基础上,并且是这些结论的发展与具体化。列宁从社会关系的重要组成部分形成方法,从意识在这一过程中的作用的角度来探讨社会关系结构。列宁用“物质关系”概念来说明生产关系,而用“思想关系”概念来说明上层建筑。哲学家和经济学家从以上划分出发,讨论了下述两个问题,至今仍未取得一致意见。第一,列宁区分物质(生产)关系与思想(上层建筑)关系的标准是否适用于社会主义条件,还是只考虑阶级对抗社会的特点?第二,上述划分是否等同于把人们之间的关系分成属于和不属于社会存在,也就是说,能     

美国和瑞典的阶级:比较

美国和瑞典都是世界经济体系中主要的资本主义国家。它们在经济发展水平、人均国民生产总值、不同经济部门的混合和主要的职业结构方面基本相似,无怪乎两国的阶级结构也大体相仿:劳动力中工人阶级约占一半;工人阶级以外的雇佣劳动者约占40%;小资产阶级和资产阶级占不足15%。这种分布情况与大多数主要资本主义国家也大致相同。     

Neurochemical insights

The 20th biennial meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry was recently held in Innsbruck, Austria. This meeting gave an overview of the latest findings in the field of molecular mechanisms and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion disease. There was a focus on the molecular pathogenesis of protein misfolding in these disorders as well as on the association between oxidative metabolism and neurological diseases. RNA interference, metal chelators, and the use of metallopeptidases were discussed as possible therapeutic strategies.     

U.A.R.: influential factors in the acceptance of birth control and the consequential approaches to family planning

A number of factors have retarded the acceptance of birth control methods among peasant communities in Egypt: 1) the religious world-view of the peasant discourages him from interfering with the natural process of procreation; 2) the large family is important socially and economically in peasant society for strength and security and for the distribution of labor; 3) the status of a married woman depends to a great extent on the number of children, particularly the number of sons, she bears; and 4) in the Egyptian village, the midwife discourages the use of contraception. Acceptance and utilization of birth control methods in Egypt are directly proportionate to the level of education of the individual. The better the economic status of the family, the smaller the family is likely to be. Demographically, the closer a family lives to Cairo, the more likely it is that birth control techniques are being used. Egyptian family planning programs which take into consideration the difficulties of spreading the acceptance and use of contraceptives in traditional societies are discussed.