顾客价值战略与企业竞争优势

随着市场营销领域“以顾客为导向”思想的建立 ,市场营销理念出现了从顾客满意、顾客忠诚到顾客价值的变化趋势。顾客价值已被视为企业竞争优势的新来源 ,顾客价值战略成为企业发展战略的重要内容。面对科学技术发展的日新月异以及信息产业的高速发展 ,企业必须依从不同的顾客细分和企业自身的核心竞争力 ,选择适宜的顾客价值定位 ,并以此为核心构建支撑体系 ,整合、协调内外部资源 ,发展企业专有技能、资产和信誉 ,向顾客提供独特的、竞争对手难以模仿的价值 ,从而获取持久的竞争和成长优势。     

制造业的服务化和服务业的知识化

服务业与制造业之间存在着显著的差别,二者又相互联系.服务业内部的知识化是经济增长的必要条件之一.目前,应大力发展生产性服务业,同时也要大力发展以知识型服务业为主导的新兴服务业.     

古典共和主义的当代阐述者——纪念阿伦特诞辰100周年

阿伦特的政治哲学至少在两方面与自由主义相一致。一是她热情的个人主义,坚信每一个人类个体的独特性和不可代替性;二是必须在人类活动的公共领域和私人领域间划出一条界线,这恰恰是古典自由主义的一个根本性前提。但她关注的重点是共和主义的自由,赋予政治行动以极高的价值,而不是私有产权基础上的现代自由。这又是她与左派理论和欧洲大陆的积极自由观比较接近的地方。总的来说,她对极权主义的批判和对共和主义的论述,都足以将她归入当代自由民主主义者的行列。     

超越剩余型福利模式:论社会安全网的城乡一体化

社会安全网的编织是经济社会协调发展的中心内容之一。浙江省以最低生活保障制度为轴心,建立了一整套城乡一体化的社会救助体系,为贫困人群提供医疗、教育、住房、司法、就业等方面的综合性援助,从而创造了社会安全网的“浙江模式”。浙江模式的核心在于:目标定位和服务递送的规范化、社会救助服务组织体系的网络化以及各类社会救助机构的工作绩效评估体系的制度化。这些经验对于我国经济发达地区建设和谐社会的努力,具有切实的借鉴意义。     

科技自主创新的人文条件

科学技术的自主创新除了经济条件和体制条件以外,还有不可或缺的人文条件,即自由平等和宽松的思想环境,包括社会对于自主创新的人才及其思想成果的接纳和宽容的心态,不拘一格、平等对待各类科技人才及其创新成果;真正尊重科技和管理的智慧成果,克服外行主观随意领导和决策所造成的众多弊端;以及科学共同体坚持研究的价值中立、实事求是,不被长官意志和各种偏见、利益导向所诱惑,并且坚持共同体的民主决策和科学伦理.     

青海汉语方言谚语的文化特征探究

青海汉语方言谚语是老百姓生产实践经验的总结,有着很强的地方文化特色。文章以青海汉语方言谚语为材料,分析了别具特色的青海农业文化、牧业文化和饮食文化。     

关于制度教育学的思考

目前中国高等教育的理论研究大多只是满足于操作层面的研究、就事论事的研究、短期性问题的研究、局部性问题的研究,而特别缺乏超前性的研究。所谓高等教育的超前性研究就是制度性研究,即制度教育学研究。文章以中国科学院的章程为案例说明如何进行制度教育学研究。     

A stochastic approximation algorithm for maximum-likelihood estimation with incomplete data

We propose a new stochastic approximation (SA) algorithm for maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) in the incomplete-data setting. This algorithm is most useful for problems when the EM algorithm is not possible due to an intractable E-step or M-step. Compared to other algorithm that have been proposed for intractable EM problems, such as the MCEM algorithm of Wei and Tanner (1990), our proposed algorithm appears more generally applicable and efficient. The approach we adopt is inspired by the Robbins-Monro (1951) stochastic approximation procedure, and we show that the proposed algorithm can be used to solve some of the long-standing problems in computing an MLE with incomplete data. We prove that in general O(n) simulation steps are required in computing the MLE with the SA algorithm and O(n log n) simulation steps are required in computing the MLE using the MCEM and/or the MCNR algorithm, where n is the sample size of the observations. Examples include computing the MLE in the nonlinear error-in-variable model and nonlinear regression model with random effects.     

Mixing and Matching the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access—Take 2

Three years ago, the Gold and Green Roads to Open Access were viewed as complementary strategies, with repositories having the potential of gradually behaving more like journals, and vice versa. Since then, repositories and journals have been progressing on parallel tracks. Re-examining the situation, the reasoning suggested in 2004 appears still valid. Simultaneously, a knowledge economy has made of science a strategic resource. The developing world is essentially invited to contribute to world science with little or no regard to the development of an autonomous scientific capacity. Open Access, in this context, takes a new meaning with one objective to help development of local and autonomous scientific capacity. However, to do so, mixing and matching repositories with journals is needed. Brazil exemplifies this type of development and shows how the Green and Gold roads can mix and match.     

Does the sense of the geographic proximity of a requester influence donation? Three evaluations in field studies

It has been reported that familiarity or incidental similarities with a stranger influenced an individual’s behavior. However, the effect of the sense of geographical proximity believing that someone comes from the same area that somebody has never been examined. Three field experiments examined this effect on donations to humanitarian organizations. In the first study, participants were asked by a confederate to donate food products to a humanitarian organization. In Study 2, participants were asked by confederates to donate money for children. In Study 3, donation boxes were displayed in bakeries with a message that invited customers to donate money for children. In all the studies, participants were led to believe that they would be helping people in need or people who live in their national or local geographic area. Results showed that donations were higher in the geographical proximity condition. This “neighborhood effect” was discussed.