Coordination in a Single‐Supplier,Multi‐Retailer Distribution System: Supplier‐Facilitated Transshipments

We consider supplier‐facilitated transshipments for achieving supply chain coordination in a single supplier, multi‐retailer distribution system with non‐cooperative retailers. The previous transshipment literature has focused on coordination through retailer‐negotiated transshipments and thus does not consider the supplier's decision‐making. In contrast, in this study, we assume the supplier is an active participant in the system and we seek to understand how the supplier can facilitate the implementation of coordinating transshipments. We study a two‐period model with wholesale orders at the start of the first period and preventive transshipments performed at the start of the second period. Inspired by a supplier‐facilitated transshipment scheme observed in practice, we assume the supplier implements transshipments through a bi‐directional adjustment contract. Under this contract, each retailer can either buy additional inventory from, or sell back excess inventory to, the supplier. We show that coordination can be achieved through carefully designed contracts with state‐dependent adjustment prices and a wholesale price menu. We demonstrate that the supplier's role in facilitating coordinating transshipments is critical. In addition, we use our understanding of the coordinating contract form to derive some simpler and easier‐to‐implement heuristic contracts. We use a numerical study to demonstrate the value, to the supplier, of using the coordinating adjustment and wholesale prices, and to evaluate the heuristics’ performance.     

Neighbor sum distinguishing index of 2-degenerate graphs

We consider proper edge colorings of a graph G using colors in \(\{1,\ldots ,k\}\). Such a coloring is called neighbor sum distinguishing if for each pair of adjacent vertices u and v, the sum of the colors of the edges incident with u is different from the sum of the colors of the edges incident with v. The smallest value of k in such a coloring of G is denoted by \({\mathrm ndi}_{\Sigma }(G)\). In this paper we show that if G is a 2-degenerate graph without isolated edges, then \({\mathrm ndi}_{\Sigma }(G)\le \max \{\Delta (G)+2,7\}\).     

在线品牌社区顾客间互动对顾客愉悦体验的影响

随着互联网和社交媒体的日益普及,企业构建在线品牌社区、鼓励顾客参与品牌社区活动已经成为企业创造价值的一种新的营销策略。实践表明,顾客的愉悦体验是顾客参与在线品牌社区活动的直接结果之一,它有助于提升企业绩效。已有研究虽然关注在线品牌社区顾客的认知因素对顾客愉悦体验的影响,但却忽视了顾客间互动这种在线品牌社区内的主体活动,因而对在线品牌社区顾客间互动是否带来顾客愉悦体验以及如何带来顾客愉悦体验的讨论并不多见。 梳理品牌社区、顾客互动和顾客体验等相关研究,基于价值共创理论和自我决定理论,构建在线品牌社区顾客间互动对顾客愉悦体验的影响机制,提出在线品牌社区顾客间互动对顾客愉悦体验具有正向影响、控制感和融聚感对在线品牌社区顾客间互动与顾客愉悦体验之间具有中介作用、主题匹配对这种中介机制具有调节作用等假设。采用问卷调查在魅族社区获取283个顾客样本数据,测量量表的信度和效度,并利用回归分析检验相应的假设。 研究结果表明,①在线品牌社区顾客间互动正向影响顾客的愉悦体验。②控制感和融聚感对顾客间互动与愉悦体验之间的正向关系起并列中介作用。③顾客间互动的主题匹配调节控制感的中介效应,即当主题匹配程度较高时,在线品牌社区顾客间互动通过控制感正向影响愉悦体验;当主题匹配程度较低时,控制感的中介作用不显著。④主题匹配也调节融聚感的中介效应,即与主题匹配程度较低时相比,当主题匹配程度较高时,融聚感对顾客间互动与愉悦体验之间正向关系的中介效应更大。 研究结果厘清了在线品牌社区顾客间互动对顾客愉悦体验的作用机制,加深了对顾客间互动的理解,丰富了顾客体验和品牌社区方面的研究,并对企业通过在线品牌社区提升顾客关系管理、顾客体验管理和顾客互动管理具有一定的指导意义。     

Joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data with the Cox model and two-phase sampling

A common objective of cohort studies and clinical trials is to assess time-varying longitudinal continuous biomarkers as correlates of the instantaneous hazard of a study endpoint. We consider the setting where the biomarkers are measured in a designed sub-sample (i.e., case-cohort or two-phase sampling design), as is normative for prevention trials. We address this problem via joint models, with underlying biomarker trajectories characterized by a random effects model and their relationship with instantaneous risk characterized by a Cox model. For estimation and inference we extend the conditional score method of Tsiatis and Davidian (Biometrika 88(2):447–458, 2001) to accommodate the two-phase biomarker sampling design using augmented inverse probability weighting with nonparametric kernel regression. We present theoretical properties of the proposed estimators and finite-sample properties derived through simulations, and illustrate the methods with application to the AIDS Clinical Trials Group 175 antiretroviral therapy trial. We discuss how the methods are useful for evaluating a Prentice surrogate endpoint, mediation, and for generating hypotheses about biological mechanisms of treatment efficacy.     

我国城市水业特许经营问题探讨

特许经营模式在我国城市水业市场得到越来越广泛的实践,但同时也遇到了一系列的问题.本文研究发现,法律法规不健全、监管体系不完善、地方政府在管理上和经营模武选择上缺乏经验是产生这些问题的原因所在,特许经营模式的特点决定了制度先行和完善的监管体系是特许经营成功的关键,而政府只有尽快熟悉特许经营手段,不断积累经验才能避免城市水业特许经营中产生的问题.     

道俗相爱破阻力 有情人儿成眷属——杂剧《张于湖误宿女真观》与传奇《玉簪记》对比探析

在中国古代戏曲空前繁荣的元明时期,涌现出了大量的传唱千古的优秀戏曲作品。许多同一题材的作品被不同时代的剧作家赋予了新的涵义和时代精神,为中国古代戏曲的创作、演出开拓了新的局面。杂剧《张于湖误宿女真观》和传奇戏曲《玉簪记》就是同一题材、不同时期的戏曲作品。对比两剧的各个层面,可以从中领略古代戏曲独特的艺术魅力。它们的出现不仅丰富了人民的精神生活,还和其他的众多戏曲作品共同铸就了我国古代戏曲的辉煌。     

多媒体案例教学在市场营销学教学中的应用

从科学分组、具体应用、如何合理评价学生三方面进行研究突破,提出与以往完全不同的多媒体案例教学模式。这种方法不仅能使学生充分掌握市场营销理论知识,而且对目前很多高校应用型人才的培养起到了非常重要的作用。     

论汉武帝"图制匈奴"战略与征伐大宛

汉武帝时两次征伐大宛是多种因素共同作用的结果.武帝好宛马和"欲侯宠姬李氏",都不过是派李广利出兵西域的诱发因素,实现"图制匈奴"和"灭胡"的边疆战略才是此次出征大宛的根本原因.征伐大宛的决策不是一开始就有的,而是随着形势的变化逐渐形成的.尤其是在匈奴势力西移,汉朝对西域的政治、经济和外交努力均告失败的形势下,进兵西域就成为"图制匈奴"的必然选择.     

中国旅游消费统计与国际标准的差距及解决对策

 联合国统计委员会、世界旅游组织、欧盟统计处和经合发展组织分别于2001年和2008年联合发布了两个版本的《旅游卫星账户：推荐方法框架》,用于指导各国建立旅游卫星账户、改进各国的旅游统计工作。旅游卫星账户现已成为旅游统计的国际标准。我国的旅游消费统计与国际标准存在差距,导致对旅游业的经济贡献评价不准。本文分析了我国旅游消费统计和国际标准之间的差距,并提出了相应的解决对策。     

基于马尔科夫模型的老年人口护理需求分析

通过建立一个马尔科夫多状态转移模型,测算中国65岁及以上老年人口护理费用的精算现值,讨论影响测算结果的主要因素,对如何满足老年人口的护理需求提出意见和建议.结果表明:2005～2050年,中国处于失能状态的老年人口数将从2 173.0万增加到7 077.6万,老年人口护理费用的当年现值将从47 754.3亿元增长到155 542.3亿元.影响测算结果的主要因素有人口预测、状态转移概率和各状态护理费用等.要满足老年人口的护理需求一是要努力增加居民收入,二是要完善老年护理保障制度,三是要大力开发长期护理保险产品.