中国货币当局资产负债表结构与货币政策调控方式转变

货币当局资产负债表是分析央行行为与货币政策执行情况的一个重要报表。我国货币当局资产负债表科目随着经济金融结构的演变经历了多次调整,本文梳理了我国货币当局资产负债表结构及其演变过程,重新编制1999-2018年的年度可比货币当局资产负债表,通过解析各科目余额及其结构的动态变化特征,揭示统计数据背后的经济逻辑与政策实践、以及重要资产负债科目间的勾稽关系。研究发现：外汇占款和对其他存款性公司的债权是我国货币当局投放基础货币的主要渠道。过去20年中,两种渠道此消彼长反映出我国基础货币投放方式和货币政策调控方式的两次重要转变与创新。在外汇占款大幅增长时期,货币当局曾通过频繁提高法定存款准备金率和发行央行票据回笼过剩流动性。随着国际收支顺差收窄和国内经济由高速增长向高质量发展转变,公开市场操作和创新型再贷款工具将成为货币当局主动投放基础货币的重要渠道。     

Resolving Rabin’s paradox

We present a theoretical model of Rabin’s famous calibration paradox that resolves confusions in the literature and that makes it possible to identify the causes of the paradox. Using suitable experimental stimuli, we show that the paradox truly violates expected utility and that it is caused by reference dependence. Rabin already showed that utility curvature alone cannot explain his paradox. We, more strongly, do not find any contribution of utility curvature to the explanation of the paradox. We find no contribution of probability weighting either. We conclude that Rabin’s paradox underscores the importance of reference dependence.

     

禁锢中的变迁:民国时期新疆妇女地位变迁

在很长的历史时期内,受地区经济文化发展水平及民族宗教的影响,新疆妇女社会地位低下,表现出"禁锢"的特征。民国时期,新疆在地缘政治中的重要地位日益凸显,各方势力在此角逐。他们治理新疆期间,多引入西方新思想、新观念进行一系列政治经济、文化教育和社会改革,新疆妇女的社会地位由此发生了重要变化。女子教育的兴起促使先进女性走出家庭的禁锢,进入学校学习知识,接受新思想的洗礼。妇女协会成立后,开始组织妇女参与社会活动,特别是抗日战争兴起后,协会广泛发起抗日教育宣传和募捐,使许多家庭妇女建立起"国家"的概念,主动承担起"国民"的责任与义务。     

Determining species specific nightly bat activity in sites with varying urban intensity

Time of peak bat activity during the night differs among bat species due to temperature, prey availability, habitat availability, and/or interactions between species. Habitat availability is altered in urban areas, which may affect insect prey availability and interspecies interactions. Our objectives were to use mobile acoustic monitoring to determine when bat species were active in a single night in urban and nonurban sites and if nightly bat activity patterns differed in urban versus nonurban sites. Bat echolocation call sequences were recorded using Anabat acoustic detectors while driving transects through the night at five sites (three “urban” and two “nonurban”) located in the Piedmont region of north-central North Carolina from May through August 2016. Transects were driven three times per night starting 45 min, 180 min, and 300 min after sunset. Recorded echolocation call sequences were analyzed manually using AnalookW and automatically using Bat Call Identification and Echoclass software. Total bat activity was not different between urban and nonurban sites. However, total bat activity was lower later in the night in urban sites, but stayed the same in nonurban sites. Species specifically, there were more Eptesicus fuscus, Lasionycteris noctivagans, and Tadarida brasiliensis call sequences and fewer Lasiurus borealis, Nycticeius humeralis, and Perimyotis subflavus call sequences in urban sites than nonurban sites. There were also fewer E. fuscus, L. noctivagans, and N. humeralis call sequences later in the night in both urban and nonurban sites. Only Lasiurus borealis activity in urban sites later in the night reduced and L. borealis activity in nonurban sites remained at the same. These results suggest that bats in urban areas partition time differently, which is important to consider for urban conservation efforts and planning.     

简论《物权法》对我国社会和经济发展的作用

《物权法》是确认和保护多种所有制经济,充分发挥公有制优越性的重要措施。从《物权法》的基本原则、显著特点、主要内涵、政策导向等方面进行论述和分析,供政府、企业等相关人士研究参考。     

清代广州十三行在中西交流中的历史地位

清代广州十三行是政府特许的外贸垄断组织。在广州一口通商时期,十三行成为中国走向世界的桥梁,世界透视中国的主要窗口,在中西交流中起着十分重要的作用。     

中国经济增长对民生民富包容性的区域差异评价

中国经过30多年的改革开放,社会财富较过去大为丰富,但与此同时,区域发展水平差异较大,各个地区收入水平和均衡程度、社会福利、公共服务等方面各有不同,不同区域分享改革成果的水平存在显著差别,必须以包容的增长思想统筹全国发展。采用因子分析方法对全国31个省市区经济增长对民生民富的包容度进行了测度,结果显示目前京沪等经济发达地区对民生民富的包容水平明显领先于中西部地区。整体来看,各地经济发展水平与当地经济对民生的包容状况具有较强的正向关系。     

2005年河南省经济形势分析和2006年展望

2005年,河南经济获得了又快又好的发展,经济总量首次超过万亿元,实现了历史性的突破,众多主要经济指标进入了一个新的平台,经济增长的内在动力也进一步加强,但同时经济增长的粗放性以及全国部分行业产能过剩的影响也逐渐显现。2006年,河南应在科学发展观指导下,抓住机遇,提高经济增长的活力,不断提升竞争力,努力保持经济增长的良好势头。     

Application of Social Choice Theory to Modify the Value Measure of Health Systems

Social Indicators Research - As a new composite indicator for capturing the value delivered by health systems of developing and developed economies, the Value Measure is the arithmetic average of...     

印度对中印跨境河流水关系的认知及战略选择

近年来,印度对中印在跨境河流水关系中的不平衡问题非常重视.其中,水文信息不对称以及收益不平衡是印度对水关系不平衡的两个主要认知.基于中印边境的互动历史,印度在对水关系的认知形成中往往会夸大中国的敌意与威胁.据此,印度试图通过建立制度框架、将中印水争议国际化以及竞争性开发跨境河流水资源的战略思维,平衡中国在雅鲁藏布江—布拉马普特拉河水关系中的优势地位.然而受水外交两面性特征和内政的掣肘,印度平衡战略的影响有限,而且更强化了其对雅鲁藏布江—布拉马普特拉河战略安全收益的重视,并使未来中印双方基于水资源共同利益进行合作的难度加大.