Social Exclusion and Its Causes in East Asian Societies: Evidences from SQSQ Survey Data

Using data from surveys on “social quality survey questionnaires”, carried out by the Asian Consortium for Social Quality between 2009 and 2011, this study investigates the causes of social exclusion in six Asian societies. About 6,460 questionnaires were completed and the analysis of the data reveals the features and the causes of social exclusion in these societies. The study concludes that the impact of social factors (maritual status, parental relations, and personal relations with local communities) on social exclusion is stronger than the political and economical factors (including class stratification and lack of financial resources). The findings indicate that the lack of social capitals is the most significant cause of social exclusion in these societies.     

Did the Fiancée’s Mother Drive up Housing Prices in China?——A Glimpse of the Real Estate Game in China

Mo Yan who was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature last year responded to the question how he was going to spend the huge bonuses, "I’m going to buy a house in Beijing, a large house. However, someone reminded me that I wouldn’t go very far as it cost 50,000 Yuan a square meter, and 7.5 million Yuan could only buy a 120-square-meter house." A trembling joke we heard has attracted world attention on China’s real estate. Real estate development in China over the past 20 years has already surpassed business development and evolved into a complex compound made up by political, social,     

Impact of Community on Personal Well-Being in Urban China

ABSTRACT

As the work-unit system fell after economic reform in China, neighborhoods replaced work units as the primary provider of vital social services for the urban population and became a new social space for enhancing the quality of people's well-being. This study examined the neighborhood characteristics that influenced personal well-being of residents. Drawn by multistage sampling and administered by face-to-face interviews, the survey included a sample of 976 participants from 31 neighborhoods in urban Shanghai. Results indicate that neighboring behaviors enhanced subjective well-being of the young and middle-aged residents but had no impact on older people. Sense of community, on the other hand, was found to contribute to well-being of all age groups and was particularly strong among older people in more deprived neighborhoods. Findings inform development of community practice strategies for vitalizing community efficacy and fostering individual well-being in urban China. Recommendations for future research are made using the results of this study.     

Are Rich Earners Time-Privileged in Taiwan? The Evidence from 1981 to 2006

This paper investigates how the relationship between income and working hours in Taiwan has changed over time. By using the official individual sample in the Manpower Utilization Surveys from DGBAS during 1981–2006, this study concludes that higher earners worked fewer hours as the economy is expanding and the price level increases in Taiwan; however, higher earners lose their time privileges as the economy relies on the service sector more than before. Furthermore, with regard to gender differences, it is found that higher earners still have time advantages relative to lower earners over time for male, but not so for female.

不确定性规避、工作负担与领导授权行为:控制愿望与管理层级的调节作用

本研究通过问卷调查的方法,探讨了不确定性规避价值观及工作负担对领导授权行为的影响.在此基础上,本研究还进一步探讨了控制愿望与管理层级的调节作用.统计分析的结果表明:(1)不确定性规避与领导授权行为显著负相关,工作负担与领导授权行为显著正相关.(2)控制愿望显著调节不确定性规避对领导授权行为的影响.(3)职位层级分别调节不确定性规避、工作负担与领导授权行为的关系.     

西部大开发与人口健康之间的双向关系

本文分析了东西部人口健康水平的差异及造成这种差异的因素 ,探讨了西部大开发与提高人口健康水平之间的双向关系。主要结果如下 :( 1)东西部人口健康水平存在显著的差异 ;( 2 )西部大开发对增进西部人口健康将产生巨大的影响 ;( 3)提高人口健康水平可以提高“生存资本”和人力资本存量 ;( 4 )应充分发挥人口健康在西部大开发中的作用 ,打破西部地区贫困和疾病之间的恶性循环 ,不断培育西部地区可持续发展的能力     

1980年代以来北京市城市化过程中人口分布的变化

20世纪80年代以来,北京城市化步伐加快。人口分布变化的特点是从居住地看,城市中心区人口减少、人口分布趋向于均等化;外围区人口迅速增长、地域人口密度差别很大;郊区人口缓慢增长。人口分布向单极集中。从工作地看,从业人口继续向城区,特别是市中心区集中,但城区第二产业从业人员减少,第三产业人员增加,且比例在提高。由昼夜人口算得,中心区的昼夜人口比提高,外围区的昼夜人口比减少。以上变化说明,北京在城市发展过程中,在城市地域扩大的同时,中心区的中心地功能也在加强,各地域的功能定位进一步明晰。     

Population reproduction and migration in Yugoslavia since World War 2]

Yugoslavia is composed of 6 formerly independent countries. Therefore, the economic development and population growth rates are quite different in different areas. The population growth rate varies from .31% in developed areas to 1.37% in mid-developed areas to 2.78% in underdeveloped areas. In developed areas there are large urban populations and more women with higher education and social involvement. The mortality rate in Yugoslavia has been markedly reduced in the last few decades because of the improvement of their health care system. This is especially obvious in mid- and underdeveloped areas. The mortality rate has increased in developed areas because of the increase in traffic accidents, smoking, drinking, and suicides. Yugoslavia is a multiracial country, and the population growth rate differs among the different races. The nationwide family planning program in Yugoslavia is run on a voluntary basis, and they do not have a unified population policy because of their complicated racial and economic situation. After World War 2 a large portion of the population migrated from the country to the cities because of the mechanization of agriculture. The higher living standard in developed areas also attracted people to migrate from mid- and underdeveloped areas. Yugoslavia has a tradition of emigration--a .1 to .2% annual emigration rate. The government encouraged their people to find jobs abroad in the mid 1960's.     

农村劳动力转移就业问题性质的根本转变与社会政策选择

农村劳动力向非农产业和城市转移就业是一国经济社会发展的必经阶段,并且是工业化和城市化发展的重要推动力。对于发展中的中国来说,农村劳动力转移就业不仅关系到经济能否持续高增长,关系到工业化和城市化能否顺利实现,而且关系到“三农”问题的根本解决。“三农”问题的解决,     

农村劳动者流动中的几个问题

在中国现有的研究和相关的政策建议中,流动常常都被看做是缓解乡村"剩余"人口(劳动者)压力的一种方法,也是实现现代化的一种主要手段。换句话说,乡村被看做中国现代化的主要障碍之一,它带来的更多是问题而不是解决问题的方法。作者提出,研究人员和决策者应该更多地考虑农村外出劳动者对于流出地发展所做的重要贡献。