认知增强技术与社会公正问题

认知增强技术旨在提高认知能力,认知能力是机会平等的重要基础,因此认知增强技术与社会公正问题密切相关。认知增强技术涉及的社会公正问题主要表现在如下几个方面：认知增强技术与认知功能障碍者的机会平等问题、非治疗目的使用中的公正和强制问题、认知增强技术使用中的代际公正问题、认知增强技术使用中的区分原则。     

情境因素对学习迁移的影响初探

关于学习迁移的机制、范围等研究至今没有一个较为统一的观点。基于学校教育中学习迁移存在的问题,从有关迁移的理论研究出发,从情境学习理论的视角重新审视学习迁移的影响因素,探讨情境因素对迁移的作用机制,可以看到情境因素通过支撑和诱导其他因素促进迁移。     

第Ⅱ类拆卸线平衡问题建模及优化

环境资源问题日益凸显、人们环保意识的增强以及经济利益的驱动,促使社会进行废旧产品回收再利用,以发展绿色经济。拆卸作为回收再利用过程中的核心环节,采用流水线的方式组织产品精细化拆卸,可实现资源最大化价值。然而,零部件作业任务在流水线上分配排序过程复杂,各工作站上的作业负荷需保持相对均衡,才能保证拆卸线高效运行。为此,本文在拆卸线工作站数量固定的情况下,以最短节拍时间和均衡任务在工作站上的分配为目标,建立第Ⅱ类拆卸线平衡问题优化模型,并提出一种并行动态邻域深度搜索算法进行求解。所提算法采用动态搜索机制实现解在各邻域结构集内的并行深度搜索;通过设置扰动阈值对解实施干扰,以加快跳出局部最优;在节拍时间调整过程中,采用基于二分法的定界策略,以实现向最优节拍时间的快速靠拢。最后,通过不同规模算例验证了模型的有效性以及算法的高效性。     

Transfer from expatriate to local contracts: a multiple case study of an unexpected career transition

The transfer of company-assigned expatriate employees from balance sheet expatriate contracts to local contracts is an alternative international assignment compensation strategy increasingly adopted by global corporations. Despite its growing popularity, there is a significant lack of research on the impact (both professional and personal) of transferring employees from expatriate to local contracts. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate this emerging international HR trend, with specific focus on exploring the experiences of career transition of company-assigned long-term expatriates (delayed localization) to local contracts at multinational organizations located in Sweden and America. Eight individual cases were analyzed. Findings revealed that localization was an unexpected career transition, a negative type of career shock, characterized by limited support from employers, mentors, and local colleagues. The findings further indicated that localization was a type of career transition rather different from other previous career transitions experienced by participants; it represented a major career and life transition. Based on the findings, we proposed HRD interventions to assist expatriates during the transition from expatriate to local contracts. Areas for future research are also suggested.     

网络恶搞配音的亚文化风格的建构与消解——基于“胥渡吧”的考察

亚文化风格的形成不仅是亚文化群体内部的产物,也深受各种因素的制约。援引伯明翰学派所提出的"亚文化风格"这一理论,以网络恶搞配音团队"胥渡吧"为对象的研究发现,创作者使用拼贴的手法来呈现娱乐、抵制以及颠覆的亚文化风格。然而,在与大众传媒的互动之中,亚文化风格在不断消解。风格的形成是外部关系和亚文化群体的自身取向合力的结果。这种合力不会在风格形成之后销声匿迹,而是作为一种限定性的构成要素,在未来走向中持续发挥作用,反映出中国语境之下亚文化风格的建构与消解历程。     

Exact inference for exponential distribution with multiply Type-I censored data

In this paper, we focus on exact inference for exponential distribution under multiple Type-I censoring, which is a general form of Type-I censoring and represents that the units are terminated at different times. The maximum likelihood estimate of mean parameter is calculated. Further, the distribution of maximum likelihood estimate is derived and it yields an exact lower confidence limit for the mean parameter. Based on a simulation study, we conclude that the exact limit outperforms the bootstrap limit in terms of the coverage probability and average limit. Finally, a real dataset is analyzed for illustration.     

Optimal RSUs placement with delay bounded message dissemination in vehicular networks

In order to transfer emergency messages from the accident site to the control center as soon as possible, the Roadside Units (RSUs) act as the most important roles in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). However, we always hope to deploy the minimum number of RSUs because of the low market penetration of VANET-enabled vehicles and the deployment cost of RSUs. This paper presents a transmission delay analysis in urban areas with IID vehicles, and then reveal the relationship between the transmission time and message dissemination distance. According to the analysis, the optimal RSUs deployment problem is formulated. We propose three heuristic greedy strategies as code methods of genetic algorithms to solve the optimal RSUs placement problem with delay bound. Simulation results show that the solutions are efficient and the time complexity is lower than those existing algorithms.     

Covariate‐adjusted borrowing of historical control data in randomized clinical trials

The borrowing of historical control data can be an efficient way to improve the treatment effect estimate of the current control group in a randomized clinical trial. When the historical and current control data are consistent, the borrowing of historical data can increase power and reduce Type I error rate. However, when these 2 sources of data are inconsistent, it may result in a combination of biased estimates, reduced power, and inflation of Type I error rate. In some situations, inconsistency between historical and current control data may be caused by a systematic variation in the measured baseline prognostic factors, which can be appropriately addressed through statistical modeling. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model that can incorporate patient‐level baseline covariates to enhance the appropriateness of the exchangeability assumption between current and historical control data. The performance of the proposed method is shown through simulation studies, and its application to a clinical trial design for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is described. The proposed method is developed for scenarios involving multiple imbalanced prognostic factors and thus has meaningful implications for clinical trials evaluating new treatments for heterogeneous diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.     

信仰消费与阶层分化研究——以"佛纸"为例

"世俗化"是现代社会的潮流,然而浙东农村地区的民间佛教却呈现表象繁荣之景象,以"佛纸"为代表的信仰消费兴盛是其主要表现形式."佛纸"是经过念佛这一赋灵过程的纸钱,是民间佛教的重要宗教产品.目前,"佛纸"呈现出多样化、 等级化、 货币化、 市场化的特征.随着经济阶层分化的出现,社会上层成为信仰消费的推动者和主力军,社会中层成为信仰消费的跟随者,社会下层则扮演着生产者角色,由此形成固定的需求方和供给方.在消费社会背景下,宗教信仰发生异化,赋灵过程可以通过金钱买卖.正是由于佛纸在阶层间流通和买卖,建构出一个表面繁荣的宗教市场,展示出宗教表象上的兴盛状态.     

能人带领型乡村治理共同体的形塑机制——基于莱西市Q新村集体经济发展经验的分析

发展村集体经济是实现乡村产业振兴的重要途径,而村集体经济的发展与村庄治理密切相关。以莱西市Q新村集体经济发展经验为案例,引入关键群体理论的分析视角,对能人带领型乡村治理共同体的形塑机制进行分析。研究发现,乡村能人通过农民合作社的架构来整合村庄内外的多元主体力量,进而形成了发展导向的治理共同体。其中呈现的主要机制为：一是乡村能人利用社会关系网络动员多元主体参与集体经济发展以形成治理共同体;二是乡村能人综合运用人情法则、公平法则、利益捆绑与利益联结等正式和非正式的制度,从心理和物质利益层面约束村域内多元主体行为,并通过建立科学合理的治理机制以适应外部环境要求,稳定外部参与力量,从而在保障可持续性发展的基础上实现了乡村治理精英的再生产、治理共同体的重建和社会治理效能的提升。