1978年以来中国自然灾害管理存在的问题分析

1978年以来,中国逐步确立了分级管理的灾害管理体制,并极力推进救灾社会化、科学化、法制化以及国际化建设,有效提高了中国的救灾减灾能力.但改革中仍然存在一些问题亟待解决,包括灾害管理社会化程度较低、城市防灾意识薄弱、减灾知识的普及力度不够、灾害心理辅导缺失、法制建设滞后、灾害保险制度不平衡发展、基层组织救灾能力薄弱,等等.     

A further examination of antecedents of correctional staff life satisfaction

Working in corrections is not only a demanding job, but a socially important one. While a growing number of studies have examined how the work environment impacts the job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of staff, very few studies have examined how working in corrections impacts the life satisfaction of workers. The current study utilized OLS regression to examine the antecedents of life satisfaction among staff at a Midwestern private prison. Job satisfaction had a positive relationship with life satisfaction, while age, work on family conflict, family on work conflict, and job involvement all had statistically significant negative effects. Finally, perceptions of the level of financial rewards, job stress, organizational commitment, gender, race, educational level, tenure, supervisory status, position, marital status, and having children, all had non-significant associations with overall satisfaction with life.     

论对外汉语专业教育的国际化

对外汉语是一个非常特殊的专业。其特殊的专业性质，决定该专业必然要走上教育国际化之路。专业教育国际化是对外汉语自身发展的客观需要，是汉语国际推广背景下对外汉语专业建设的必然选择，是解决国外“汉语教师荒”与国内对外汉语专业学生就业难矛盾的必由之路，是全面推进高等教育国际化的现实选择。目前对外汉语专业教育中普遍存在着专业目标不明确、对外语教学重视不够、缺少实践环节、就业渠道不畅通等问题，应该从优化课程设置、开展全外语或双语教学、加强同国外高校的合作、加快师资培训的国际化等方面加快对外汉语专业教育的国际化进程。     

Assessment of Catastrophic Risk Using Bayesian Network Constructed from Domain Knowledge and Spatial Data

Prediction of natural disasters and their consequences is difficult due to the uncertainties and complexity of multiple related factors. This article explores the use of domain knowledge and spatial data to construct a Bayesian network (BN) that facilitates the integration of multiple factors and quantification of uncertainties within a consistent system for assessment of catastrophic risk. A BN is chosen due to its advantages such as merging multiple source data and domain knowledge in a consistent system, learning from the data set, inference with missing data, and support of decision making. A key advantage of our methodology is the combination of domain knowledge and learning from the data to construct a robust network. To improve the assessment, we employ spatial data analysis and data mining to extend the training data set, select risk factors, and fine‐tune the network. Another major advantage of our methodology is the integration of an optimal discretizer, informative feature selector, learners, search strategies for local topologies, and Bayesian model averaging. These techniques all contribute to a robust prediction of risk probability of natural disasters. In the flood disaster's study, our methodology achieved a better probability of detection of high risk, a better precision, and a better ROC area compared with other methods, using both cross‐validation and prediction of catastrophic risk based on historic data. Our results suggest that BN is a good alternative for risk assessment and as a decision tool in the management of catastrophic risk.     

《唐山大地震》凸显的女性权利意识探究

女性权利意识既是作为女性对自身的性别角色认同下的权利认知、主张和要求,也是作为社会中的人对权利的认知、主张和要求。影片《唐山大地震》中,女主角的权利意识观照出现实世界的女性权利意识,是现实中女性争取自身权利的潜意识表征。法治社会应该为女性的社会权利实现提供更多的途径。     

Majorization minimization by coordinate descent for concave penalized generalized linear models

Recent studies have demonstrated theoretical attractiveness of a class of concave penalties in variable selection, including the smoothly clipped absolute deviation and minimax concave penalties. The computation of the concave penalized solutions in high-dimensional models, however, is a difficult task. We propose a majorization minimization by coordinate descent (MMCD) algorithm for computing the concave penalized solutions in generalized linear models. In contrast to the existing algorithms that use local quadratic or local linear approximation to the penalty function, the MMCD seeks to majorize the negative log-likelihood by a quadratic loss, but does not use any approximation to the penalty. This strategy makes it possible to avoid the computation of a scaling factor in each update of the solutions, which improves the efficiency of coordinate descent. Under certain regularity conditions, we establish theoretical convergence property of the MMCD. We implement this algorithm for a penalized logistic regression model using the SCAD and MCP penalties. Simulation studies and a data example demonstrate that the MMCD works sufficiently fast for the penalized logistic regression in high-dimensional settings where the number of covariates is much larger than the sample size.     

检察机关刑事执法与行政执法的衔接机制研究

随着现代法治进程的不断加快,法学理论界与实务界都普遍意识到:检察机关刑事执法与行政执法虽分属于两种不同性质的权力范畴,但在打击违法犯罪行为和维护国家长治久安的重大任务面前,两者作为国家权力的重要组成部分,必须要进行有机衔接,以发挥权力的共同治理作用。因此,有必要加强检察机关刑事执法与行政执法的相互衔接,积极构建比较完善的衔接机制,从而形成一套规范有序、分工负责、相互配合、相互监督的执法体系和社会治理结构。     

Impacts of government high-tech policy: a case study of CAD technology in China

Rapid growth of technology innovations promotes governments world-wide to actively explore the best way to realize its economic benefits. Likewise, Chinese government has positioned advances of high technology a driving-force to continued economic achievements, and launched various high-tech policies. This case study focuses on computer-aided design (CAD), a key field under policy support, discloses policy’s critical role. Interview/survey data from corporate and academic leaders were also collected and synthesized. The emergence of university–industry collaboration, capitalizing university intellectual property, and new modes in CAD innovation and technology diffusion are among those major findings. A Model is also proposed. The study provides new observations for debates to high-tech policy-makers and can benefit scholars and business managers seeking to understand the environment in China, and serve as a foundation for further policy and management research.     

完善西部房地产市场的对策思考

对阻碍西部房地产市场发展的相关因素进行了具体分析 ,在此基础上提出了搞好房地产市场发展规划、调整房地产投资结构、搞好物业管理、完善房地产市场中介体系、健全相关法规的几点建议。     

“侗族文化圈”中心区旅游黄金线开发

本文从整个侗族地区出发,以"侗族文化圈"为研究对象,对"侗族文化圈"中心区旅游黄金线开发丰富的旅游资源进行了全面的探讨,设计了贯穿全区的七条主要旅游线路,并提出了发展"侗族文化圈"旅游业的主要措施.