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81.
Peltzman [Peltzman, S., 1984. Constituent interest and congressional voting. Journal of Law and Economics 27, 181–210] argues that if constituents’ economic interests have well-defined “winners and losers” and are appropriately measured, then constituents’ economic interests, and not legislator ideology, are the most important determinates of legislator voting. We test Peltzman's theory by examining senatorial voting on three mandated spending limitation bills. We find, consistent with Peltzman's theory, that the ratio of federal spending in a senator's state to federal taxes paid by that state, and not a senator's personal ideology, matters on legislation where there are well-defined economic “winners and losers.” This is particularly important because unlike other constituents’ economic interest measures that only impact a fraction of the constituency, the ratio of federal spending to federal taxes in a state represents the economic interests of all the constituents in a state. 相似文献
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Gay affirmative practice has recently been introduced into the social work literature as a culturally sensitive model for
working with gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) adults, however, this model has rarely been applied to practice with GLB youth.
In this article, the authors review the literature to present the main tenets of gay affirmative practice, outline the challenges
that GLB youth face, and delineate the environmental and individual strengths that can be enhanced to promote well-being.
The authors then apply the gay affirmative practice model to GLB youth, offering concrete information about the specific knowledge,
attitudes, and skills that social workers should acquire to better serve the unique, yet diverse, needs of GLB youth. 相似文献
86.
Annette Zimmer 《Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung》2003,34(4):331-345
Cultural and professional associations are the expression of the modern society with structured organisations. The 19th century was the marking epoch of the constitution of associations in Germany. The involvement of associations in the political live, specially the professional ones, is typical in Germany. While political sciences focus on the analyses of interest representation and mediation functions of organisations, sociology research covers the full range of social, psychological, political and economical functions of organisations. Management and especially human resource management topics are presently gaining a growing importance within the research community which focuses on the cultural and professional organisations. 相似文献
87.
Sets of alternatives as Condorcet winners 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We characterize sets of alternatives which are Condorcet winners according to preferences over sets of alternatives, in terms
of properties defined on preferences over alternatives. We state our results under certain preference extension axioms which,
at any preference profile over alternatives, give the list of admissible preference profiles over sets of alternatives. It
turns out to be that requiring from a set to be a Condorcet winner at every admissible preference profile is too demanding,
even when the set of admissible preference profiles is fairly narrow. However, weakening this requirement to being a Condorcet
winner at some admissible preference profile opens the door to more permissive results and we characterize these sets by using
various versions of an undomination condition. Although our main results are given for a world where any two sets – whether
they are of the same cardinality or not – can be compared, the case for sets of equal cardinality is also considered.
Received: 15 March 2001/Accepted: 31 May 2002
This paper was written while Barış Kaymak was a graduate student in Economics at Boğazi?i University. We thank ?ağatay Kayı
and İpek ?zkal-Sanver who kindly agreed to be our initial listeners. The paper has been presented at the Economic Theory seminars
of Bilkent, Ko? and Sabancı Universities as well as at the Fifth Conference of the Society for the Advancement of Economic
Theory, July 2001, Ischia, Italy and at the 24th Bosphorus Workshop on Economic Design, August 2001, Bodrum, Turkey. We thank Fuad Aleskerov, İzak Atiyas, ?zgür Kıbrıs, Semih
Koray, Gilbert Laffond, Bezalel Peleg, Murat Sertel, Tayfun S?nmez, Utku ünver and all the participants. Remzi Sanver acknowledges
partial financial support from İstanbul Bilgi University and the Turkish Academy of Sciences and thanks Haluk Sanver and Serem
Ltd. for their continuous moral and financial support. Last but not the least, we thank Carmen Herrero and two anonymous referees.
Of course we are the sole responsible for all possible errors. 相似文献
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James P. McDermott G. Jogesh Babu John C. Liechty Dennis K. J. Lin 《Statistics and Computing》2007,17(4):311-321
We consider the problem of density estimation when the data is in the form of a continuous stream with no fixed length. In
this setting, implementations of the usual methods of density estimation such as kernel density estimation are problematic.
We propose a method of density estimation for massive datasets that is based upon taking the derivative of a smooth curve
that has been fit through a set of quantile estimates. To achieve this, a low-storage, single-pass, sequential method is proposed
for simultaneous estimation of multiple quantiles for massive datasets that form the basis of this method of density estimation.
For comparison, we also consider a sequential kernel density estimator. The proposed methods are shown through simulation
study to perform well and to have several distinct advantages over existing methods. 相似文献