EFFICIENCY WAGE MODELS OF UNEMPLOYMENT: A SECOND VIEW

Efficiency wage models, in which firms find it profitable to pay wages above workers' reservation wages, provide a promising explanation for unemployment and interindustry wage differentials. One criticism of such models is they imply firms should sell jobs by requiring up-front bonds from new workers. However, only some efficiency wage models imply this. Moreover, firms might not require bonds for many reasons. We show that moral hazard and adverse selection models together explain many labor market phenomena. The efficiency wage model conforms well to empirical finding, but certain anomalies suggest the need to consider rent-sharing models.     

Semiparametric analysis of multivariate panel count data with nonlinear interactions

Lifetime Data Analysis - Multivariate panel count data frequently arise in follow up studies involving several related types of recurrent events. For univariate panel count data, several varying...     

新环保法视角下环保NGO公益诉讼分析

2014年新修订的环保法赋予了环保NGO公益诉讼的主体资格,可以说是环境公益诉讼史上的一座里程碑。本文通过对近年来环保NGO参与环境公益诉讼面临问题及原因的分析,提出:由于新环保法相关条款的限制性规定、公益诉讼原告诉求保障不足、我国环保NGO自身能力较弱等原因,环保NGO在新环保法颁布后参与环境公益诉讼仍可能面临一定的阻力。应该完善新环保法相关公益诉讼条款、出台激励环保NGO参与环境公益诉讼的具体措施、加强环保NGO的能力建设,以促进新环保法的有效施行。     

Contextualizing the Governance of Community Co-operatives: Evidence from Austria and Germany

The article inquires into the role of the institutional context in explaining the governance of community co-operatives. These organizations do not solely focus on a member’s advantage but act on behalf of some collective identity. To enhance our understanding of the nature of co-operative governance on the neighborhood level, we draw on theoretical concepts that are context-sensitive, helping us to catch the institutional conditions in a specific place which are enabling individuals and groups to act and organize collectively. Thus, we enrich the abstract concept of governance put forward by New Institutional Economics. Based on a systematic analysis of case studies, the paper shows that the governance of community co-operatives is based on place-bound values. However, the encounter of divergent imaginations of the neighborhood results in different co-operative practices: e.g., either a government-directed practice to “discipline” the community or a community-initiated practice of self-organization.     

Nonlinear mixed‐effect models with nonignorably missing covariates

Nonlinear mixed‐effect models are often used in the analysis of longitudinal data. However, it sometimes happens that missing values for some of the model covariates are not purely random. Motivated by an application to HTV viral dynamics, where this situation occurs, the author considers likelihood inference for this type of problem. His approach involves a Monte Carlo EM algorithm, along with a Gibbs sampler and rejection/importance sampling methods. A concrete application is provided.     

Statistical inference for a relaxation index of stochastic dominance under density ratio model

Stochastic dominance is usually used to rank random variables by comparing their distributions, so it is widely applied in economics and finance. In actual applications, complete stochastic dominance is too demanding to meet, so relaxation indexes of stochastic dominance have attracted more attention. The π index, the biggest gap between two distributions, can be a measure of the degree of deviation from complete dominance. The traditional estimation method is to use the empirical distribution functions to estimate it. Considering the populations under comparison are generally of the same nature, we can link the populations through density ratio model under certain condition. Based on this model, we propose a new estimator and establish its statistical inference theory. Simulation results show that the proposed estimator substantially improves estimation efficiency and power of the tests and coverage probabilities satisfactorily match the confidence levels of the tests, which show the superiority of the proposed estimator. Finally we apply our method to a real example of the Chinese household incomes.     

高等教育治理体系与治理能力现代化的解读与思考

高校治理现代化是国家治理现代化中的重要一环。要在治理现代化的进程中完成高质量、内涵式发展,中国高校必须根植于中国特色社会主义制度之中,必须坚持贯彻党的教育方针,并在此基础上,探讨高校治理的法治化、科学化和民主化。为此,需要从系统科学方法论和善治理论出发,研究中国高校治理的内涵以及推进高校治理体系和治理能力现代化的途径。为此提出,坚持党的领导,把握好高校治理的领导制度;完善法治基础,把握好高校治理的科学架构;提升管理效能,把握好高校治理的支撑体系;加强民主管理,把握好高校治理的文化生态。