奴隶和努力——从好员工做起

金融海啸,不少人一夜之间失去很多资产财寓,于是奥斯卡获奖片《贫民窟的百万富翁》备受追捧。与此同时,一位“中国版贫民富翁”林A,也成为最近网络关注的人物。我们几经周折了解到,林A是一位企业家,其创业和成功经历颇具传奇色彩。林A先生以自己真实的成长心路为主线,结合“发掘自己”如何去改变人生的课程理念,写就了一本独创的“体验式”心灵成长励志书籍。这本书运用看故事、悟道理和曩动体验结合的方式,让读者一起参与互动,从而感悟人生、改变命运。经作者同意,本刊将摘选其中的精彩内容,以飨读者。     

培养未来教师的语言表达能力

作者在文中对哈萨克语表达方面的正确性、词汇性、准确性、逻辑性等进行了研究,并总结出了形成语言表达能力的科学结论。     

全球化与民族文化:在当代丹尼列夫斯基教给了我们什么

今年是俄罗斯的"中国年"。2007年6月1日-3日,由中国现代外国哲学学会俄罗斯专业委员会与苏州大学共同举办的"中国与俄罗斯:当代哲学的问题与反思——全国第十一届俄罗斯哲学研讨会"在苏州大学举行。俄罗斯科学院院士兼《哲学问题》主编列克托尔斯基、通讯院士兼哲学所副所长斯米尔洛夫教授、中国哲学专家布洛夫等俄方学者专程参加会议并发表了学术演讲。中国社会科学院贾泽林、中国人民大学安启念、南京大学张一兵、复旦大学吴晓明等30多人参加会议。研究前苏联哲学和当代俄罗斯哲学具有重大的学术价值和现实意义。前苏联哲学曾经是培育中国马克思主义理论家的主要思想源泉。苏东剧变、中国改革开放,在新的历史地平线上,中国化的马克思主义理论创新必须要"返本而开新",即全面地反思和梳理前苏联哲学的遗产,同时也要密切关注由原来"主流意识形态"消解后的"哲学转向"。会议集中讨论了三个问题:如何进一步深度反思前苏联哲学遗产,包括对列宁哲学、普列汉诺夫哲学、斯大林哲学及一大批前苏联时期学者的哲学遗产;如何评价当代俄罗斯对主流意识形态"真空"的"填补",如对东正教哲学思想的研究、对理性的研究、对西方哲学的研究等;如何进一步理性地反思全球化与本土化思想对话的关系,特别是俄罗斯本土文化与西方文明的关系。本专题推出几篇会议论文,以飨读者。     

早期西夏语文学研究概述

1931年苏联杰出的西夏学者Н.А.聂历山首次对国际西夏学研究的早期历史作了简要回顾,全面介绍了19世纪末20世纪初各国西夏学研究的重要成果,对西夏文字的创制、构成、发音、推广及其重要辞书、文献,尤其对西夏文释读作出重大贡献的《掌中珠》都作了生动有趣的描述。对我们了解西夏研究历史,总结前辈学人的经验教训,借鉴和完善方法理论,促进西夏研究的繁荣有着重要意义。现据《西夏语文学》译出,希望能为学界提供一些有价值的线索。     

在执行拉萨荣赫鹏使团任务期间搜集到的藏文手抄本和书籍的情况

编者按:英国发动第二次侵藏战争期间,华达尔从我国西藏地区掠走大量藏文珍贵书籍和手抄本,数量之大,令人震惊.本文是这一事件的自供状,也是近代帝国主义列强对中国进行文化掠夺的最好诠释.需要说明的是,此译文原附有一份被华达尔掠去的藏文文献清单,共计464号.因数量较大,加之专有名词较多,需进一步校订,故未能同时刊登,请读者见谅.本刊将尽快予以刊发.至于作者在表述西藏与中国关系时使用的分裂主义语言,相信读者是会不言自明的.     

先驱与先烈——月入数万的“倍增事业”

金融海啸,不少人一夜之间失去很多资产财富,于是奥斯卡大奖片《贫民富翁》备受追捧。与此同时,一位“中国版贫民富翁”林A,也成为最近网络关注的人物。我们几经周折了解到,林A是一位企业家,其创业和成功经历颇具传奇色彩。     

Satisfaction with Social Contacts of Older Europeans

This paper analyses the determinants of an important component of well-being among individuals aged 50 years or older in eleven European countries: satisfaction with social contacts. We use data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and anchoring vignettes to correct for potential differences in responses scales across countries and socio-demographic groups. On average, older Europeans report being satisfied with their social contacts, but there exist substantial differences across countries: respondents from Northern countries tend to be more satisfied than individuals from Central or Mediterranean countries. Our analysis shows that correcting for response scale differentials alters the country ranking for of satisfaction with social contacts, while it has much less effect on the estimates of what drives within country determinants.     

The Impact of HIV Testing on Subjective Expectations and Risky Behavior in Malawi

We investigate the causal impact of learning HIV status on HIV/AIDS-related expectations and sexual behavior in the medium run. Our analyses document several unexpected results about the effect of learning one's own, or one's spouse's, HIV status. For example, receiving an HIV-negative test result implies higher subjective expectations about being HIV-positive after two years, and individuals tend to have larger prediction errors about their HIV status after learning their HIV status. If individuals in HIV-negative couples also learn the status of their spouse, these effects disappear. In terms of behavioral outcomes, our analyses document that HIV-positive individuals who learned their status reported having fewer partners and using condoms more often than those who did not learn their status. Among married respondents in HIV-negative couples, learning only one's own status increases risky behavior, while learning both statuses decreases risky behavior. In addition, individuals in sero-discordant couples who learned both statuses are more likely to report some condom use. Overall, our analyses suggest that ensuring that each spouse learns the HIV status of the other, either through couple's testing or through spousal communication, may be beneficial in high-prevalence environments.     

Women's perceptions of their healthcare experience when they choose not to breastfeed

Research questionHow do women who choose not to breastfeed perceive their healthcare experience?MethodThis qualitative research study used a phenomenographic approach to explore the healthcare experience of women who do not breastfeed. Seven women were interviewed about their healthcare experience relating to their choice of feeding, approximately 4 weeks after giving birth. Six conceptions were identified and an outcome space was developed to demonstrate the relationships and meaning of the conceptions in a visual format.FindingsThere were five unmet needs identified by the participants during this study. These needs included equity, self sufficiency, support, education and the need not to feel pressured.ConclusionWomen in this study who chose not to breastfeed identified important areas where they felt that their needs were not met. In keeping with the Code of Ethics for Nurses and Midwives, the identified needs of women who do not breastfeed must be addressed in a caring, compassionate and just manner. The care and education of women who formula feed should be of the highest standard possible, even if the choice not to breastfeed is not the preferred choice of healthcare professionals.