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81.
82.
Research in adults suggests that their perception of moral transgressions is affected by the moral character of the agent performing the transgression, such that undesirable actions enacted by ‘good’ agents are seen as less serious than those performed by ‘bad’ agents. This may be partly driven our tendency to view undesirable acts as less intentional when the agent has a perceived good moral character. It is currently unclear whether or not children make similar judgements. Therefore, we investigated if children's use of moral character information is consistent with their judgements of transgressions when the intent behind the act was ambiguous or blatant. Children aged 6–8-years (N = 60) viewed a series of six moral transgressions in which the protagonist's intent was ambiguous or blatantly harmful, and their moral character was described as being good, mixed or bad. The children were then asked how much they felt the behaviour was intentional, how severe it was and the degree of punishment it deserved. Transgressions performed by ‘good’ characters were viewed as less intentional than those by ‘bad’ characters, but only when the intent behind it was ambiguous. Similarly, transgressions performed by good characters were viewed as less severe and deserving of less punishment than those performed by bad characters, although this effect was not moderated by intent information. These pattern of findings suggest that the view of transgressions performed by good individuals as less serious than the same act performed by bad individuals is established early in development. 相似文献
83.
84.
This study investigates personal wellbeing among a sample of ethnic Koreans in China's Northeast using the eight-item Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI). The PWI demonstrated good psychometric properties, consistent with previous studies. The data revealed a moderate level of personal wellbeing (PWI score = 70.3) and the results supported the Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis, suggesting that strong external and internal buffers protect the HPM for ethnic Koreans, despite the onslaught of marketisation and urbanisation in China that are threatening to undermine Koreans' sense of ethnic identity. The predictors of personal wellbeing were found to be age (with a nonlinear relationship), education, gender, income, marital status and the city in which the individual lives. 相似文献
85.
Sources and Implications of Maternal Accuracy About Young Adolescents’ Vulnerability to Friendship Jealousy 下载免费PDF全文
Jeffrey G. Parker Blake L. Nielsen Kristina L. McDonald 《Journal of research on adolescence》2016,26(3):364-379
To assist effectively with social difficulties, parents must accurately understand the peer situations that are difficult for their child. Mothers’ insight into their young adolescent's vulnerability to friendship jealousy was assessed by posing identical vignettes to 72 young adolescents and their mothers and matching their responses. Mothers and children also completed questionnaires on their relationship and the child's adjustment. Mothers as a group were poor judges of their child's jealousy, but considerable variability existed. Accuracy was greater when mother–child pairs were closer. Polynomial regression and response surface analyses indicated that maternal accuracy could dampen the friendship and aggression risks otherwise associated with being vulnerable to jealousy. 相似文献
86.
Heino Bohn Nielsen 《Econometric Reviews》2016,35(2):169-200
The co-integrated vector autoregression is extended to allow variables to be observed with classical measurement errors (ME). For estimation, the model is parametrized as a time invariant state-space form, and an accelerated expectation-maximization algorithm is derived. A simulation study shows that (i) the finite-sample properties of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimates and reduced rank test statistics are excellent (ii) neglected measurement errors will generally distort unit root inference due to a moving average component in the residuals, and (iii) the moving average component may–in principle–be approximated by a long autoregression, but a pure autoregression cannot identify the autoregressive structure of the latent process, and the adjustment coefficients are estimated with a substantial asymptotic bias. An application to the zero-coupon yield-curve is given. 相似文献
87.
88.
Tanja de Jong Noortje Wiezer Marjolein de Weerd Karina Nielsen Pauliina Mattila-Holappa Zosia Mockałło 《Work and stress》2016,30(1):91-114
This is a review of published longitudinal empirical research on the impact of restructuring on employee well-being. We investigated whether restructuring accompanied by staff reductions impacts differently on worker well-being than restructuring without staff reductions, and the differences between short- and long-term effects of restructuring. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanisms that explain these effects. We conducted a literature search on longitudinal, peer-reviewed, English-written studies from the period 2000–2012. Thirty-nine papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We found that restructuring events, with and without staff reductions, mainly have a negative impact on the well-being of employees. The majority of studies showed negative changes over time, in the short and the long term. Some groups of workers reacted less negatively: for example, workers with a high organizational status before a merger and workers who underwent a change in workgroup. Variables that intervened in the relationship between restructuring and well-being were physical demands, job control, communication, provision of information, training, procedural justice, job insecurity and change acceptance. Further high-quality longitudinal research is needed to get more insight into the impact of restructuring over time and into the part played by intervening variables. 相似文献
89.
90.
A study of the impact of environmental surroundings on personal well-being in urban China using a multi-item well-being indicator 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Smyth Russell Nielsen Ingrid Zhai Qingguo Liu Tiemin Liu Yin Tang Chunyong Wang Zhihong Wang Zuxiang Zhang Juyong 《Population and environment》2011,32(4):353-375
We examine the relationship between atmospheric and water pollution, traffic congestion, access to parkland and personal well-being
using a survey administered across six Chinese cities in 2007. In contrast to existing studies of well-being determinants
by economists which typically employ single-item indicators, we use the Personal Well-being Index (PWI). We also employ the
Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) to measure job satisfaction, which is one of the variables for which we control when examining
the relationship between environmental surroundings and personal well-being. Previous research by psychologists has shown
the PWI and JSS to have good psychometric properties in western and Chinese samples. A robust finding is that in cities with
higher levels of atmospheric pollution and traffic congestion, respondents report lower levels of personal well-being ceteris paribus. Specifically, we find that a one standard deviation increase in suspended particles or sulphur dioxide emissions is roughly
equivalent to a 12–13% reduction in average monthly income in the six cities. 相似文献