On optimising the estimation of high quantiles of a probability distribution

One of the major aims of one-dimensional extreme-value theory is to estimate quantiles outside the sample or at the boundary of the sample. The underlying idea of any method to do this is to estimate a quantile well inside the sample but near the boundary and then to shift it somehow to the right place. The choice of this “anchor quantile” plays a major role in the accuracy of the method. We present a bootstrap method to achieve the optimal choice of sample fraction in the estimation of either high quantile or endpoint estimation which extends earlier results by Hall and Weissman (1997) in the case of high quantile estimation. We give detailed results for the estimators used by Dekkers et al. (1989). An alternative way of attacking problems like this one is given in a paper by Drees and Kaufmann (1998).     

An Extension of Economic Design of x-Bar Control Charts for Non Normally Distributed Data Under Weibull Shock Models

Three parameters—sample size, sampling intervals, and the control limits—must be determined when the x bar chart to monitor a manufacturing process. The constant sampling intervals were widely employed because of its administrative simplicity. However, the variable sampling interval (VSI) has recently been shown to give substantially faster detection of most process shifts than fixed-sampling-interval (FSI) for x-bar charts. In addition, these measurements in the subgroup are assumed to be normally distributed. That assumption may not be tenable. This investigation compares the economic design of x-bar control charts for non normal data under Weibull shock models with various sampling avenues.     

Likelihood Ratio Order of m-Spacings in Multiple-Outlier Models

This article deals with the multiple-outlier exponential model. The likelihood ratio order between m-spacings of the combined sample is developed, some results extend the conclusions on simple spacings in Wen et al. (2007 Wen , S. , Lu , Q. , Hu , T. ( 2007 ). Likelihood ratio order of spacings of heterogeneous exponential random variables . J. Multivariate Anal. 98 : 743 – 756 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]).     

抓住90年代的最后商机，化解跨世纪经济增长难题——关于江西农村市场问题的分析研究

随着社会经济的持续、快速发展,我国经济已基本摆脱了短缺状况,市场环境由卖方市场转向买方市场。相伴而来的问题是：主要消费品供过于求,生产能力相对过剩,一些企业的生产经营陷入困境。经济的增长,离不开商品的市场实现。启动市场需求,是克服当前经济运行中各种矛...     

印度的达里特人与种姓压迫

印度的种姓压迫缘自种姓制度。种姓制度是印度自古以来的不平等社会制度。这种制度把居民划分为四个种姓,即四个等级:第一等级为婆罗门(祭司和僧侣),掌握神权,从事文化教育;第二等级为刹帝利(贵族和武士),掌握军政大权;第三等级为吠舍(农民、商人和手工业者);第四等级为首陀罗(奴隶和失去土地的自由民)。被排除在四个种姓以外的居民则为“贱民”或称“不可接触者”。在印度,高种姓的雅利安白人为保持自己的统治地位和纯正血统,还建立了种姓世袭制和种姓内婚制。为了维护和延续这种不合理的社会制度,高种姓充分利用宗教大造舆论,先是利用婆罗…     

Frailty modelling approaches for semi-competing risks data

Lifetime Data Analysis - In the semi-competing risks situation where only a terminal event censors a non-terminal event, observed event times can be correlated. Recently, frailty models with an...     

A Proportional Hazards Regression Model for the Subdistribution with Covariates‐adjusted Censoring Weight for Competing Risks Data

With competing risks data, one often needs to assess the treatment and covariate effects on the cumulative incidence function. Fine and Gray proposed a proportional hazards regression model for the subdistribution of a competing risk with the assumption that the censoring distribution and the covariates are independent. Covariate‐dependent censoring sometimes occurs in medical studies. In this paper, we study the proportional hazards regression model for the subdistribution of a competing risk with proper adjustments for covariate‐dependent censoring. We consider a covariate‐adjusted weight function by fitting the Cox model for the censoring distribution and using the predictive probability for each individual. Our simulation study shows that the covariate‐adjusted weight estimator is basically unbiased when the censoring time depends on the covariates, and the covariate‐adjusted weight approach works well for the variance estimator as well. We illustrate our methods with bone marrow transplant data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Here, cancer relapse and death in complete remission are two competing risks.     

德国埃姆歇地区的空间、生态和经济更新——埃姆歇景观公园规划(2000～2010)

一、埃姆歇地区概况和发展历史 鲁尔区是德国最大的工业中心,人口大约540万,面积4432平方公里.历史上鲁尔区是以采煤、钢铁、化学、机械制造等重工业为核心的传统老工业区.鲁尔区根据工业化程度可以划分为四个地区:南区、赫尔威格区、埃姆歇区和里普区.埃姆歇地区因埃姆歇河而得名,面积803平方公里,包括从杜伊斯堡到贝卡门总共17个城市,人口200多万.埃姆歇地区是重工业区域,工业历史长达150年.由于20世纪70年代国际市场发生改变,鲁尔区工业变得缺乏竞争力,工厂关闭,工人下岗.其中埃姆歇地区受影响最为严重,生态恶化,失业率居高不下,80年代末失业率超过15%,为德国最高,社会问题尖锐.     

The Impact of Personal Finance Education Delivered in High School and College Courses

This study investigates the impact of personal finance education delivered in high school and college. Outcomes of interest were investment knowledge and household savings rates measured years after the financial education was delivered. A web-based survey with questions about participation in financial education, financial experiences, income and inheritances, and demographic characteristics was administered to 1,039 alumni from a large midwestern university. Participation in a college level personal finance course was associated with higher levels of investment knowledge. Experience with financial instruments appeared to explain more of the variance in both investment knowledge and savings rates. No significant relationship between taking a high school course and investment knowledge was found. Financial experiences were found to be positively associated with savings rates.