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71.
72.
Jukka Savolainen Lorine A. Hughes W. Alex Mason Tuula M. Hurtig Hanna Ebeling Irma K. Moilanen Janne Kivivuori Anja M. Taanila 《Journal of research on adolescence》2012,22(1):54-64
Data from the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study (n = 4,645) were used to examine the influence of mid‐adolescent (age 15) school outcomes on late‐adolescent (ages 17–19) risk of criminal conviction. Consistent with social‐developmental theories of offending, we found that poor academic performance and reduced school attachment increase the risk of criminal conviction independently of pre‐existing differences in antisocial propensity and other confounding factors identified in prior research. Moreover, in support of an integrated model, our research suggests that academic performance and school attachment mediate the effects of childhood antisociality and learning difficulties on late‐adolescent risk of criminal conviction. The implications of findings for policy and future research are discussed. 相似文献
73.
Rhidian Hughes 《International Journal of Social Research Methodology》2013,16(4):315-324
Social research brings costs and benefits to people who agree to take part as respondents. This research note considers why people agree to participate in research with special reference to drug injectors. It is based on asking a small sample of drug injectors why they agreed to participate in a qualitative study that explores their perceptions of drug using and sexual behaviours related to the spread of HIV. The following broad themes are used to present respondents' reasons for participating in the study: 1) The research being interesting, relevant and worthwhile; 2) the timing of the fieldwork and respondents' concerns and priorities; 3) a belief that participating is beneficial to the individual participant; 4) a feeling that participating benefits people in general; 5) participation was influenced by referrers, agency staff or other drug injectors who introduced people to the researcher; 6) respondents' first impressions of the researcher; 7) the importance of confidentiality, and finally; 8) the use of tangible rewards and incentives in relation to participation. These findings are discussed throughout this research note. 相似文献
74.
AbstractThis article is based on an ethnographic study undertaken to explore whether eight people diagnosed with terminal cancer and their families drew on aspects of their cultural identities to make sense of their journey towards death, and if so, how. Ethnographic methods were supplemented by semistructured interviews. Most participants received medical treatments until close to death and invested much effort, time, and hope in these. Consequently, they made little sense of their palliative referrals. Instead, they accommodated the biomedical cultures of treatment-oriented services, thus delaying their own and their family's preparation for death. Only three participants appeared well prepared one month prior to death. An ecological perspective helped to explain the systemic factors involved in this prioritisation. The authors make recommendations for greater involvement of social workers in palliative care, and for more attention to supporting dying people and their families to make culturally meaningful decisions in the journey toward death. 相似文献
75.
Rupert Hughes 《Child & Family Social Work》1998,3(3):149-151
The paper comments on the Children Acts of 1948 and 1989. The 1989 Act was broader but built on the 1948 one. The legislative contexts had some important similarities. 相似文献
76.
Stephen Peckham Nicholas Mays David Hughes Marie Sanderson Pauline Allen Lindsay Prior Vikki Entwistle Andrew Thompson Huw Davies 《Social Policy & Administration》2012,46(2):199-218
Background: market reforms in England have been identified as making a clear distinction between English health policy and health policy in the devolved systems in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Patient choice is a high profile policy in the English National Health Service that constitutes significant changes to the demand side of health care. It is not clear what national differences this has led to regarding implementation of policy. This article presents the findings from a large UK‐wide study on the development and implementation of policies related to patient choice of provider. The findings reported here relate specifically to the policy development and organizational implementation of choice in order to examine the impact of devolution on health care policy. Aim: this study examines patient choice of provider across all four countries of the UK to understand the effect of differences in national policies on the organization and service how choice of provider presented to patients. Methods: at the macro‐level, we interviewed policymakers and examined policy and guidance documents to analyze the provenance and determinants of national policy in each UK nation. At the Primary Care Trust or Health Board level, we interviewed a range of public and private health service providers to identify the range of referral pathways and where and when choices might be made. Finally, we interviewed ear, nose and throat, and orthopaedics patients to understand how such choices were experienced. Findings: while we found that distinct rhetorical differences were identifiable at a national policy level, these were less visible at the level of service organization and the way choices were provided to patients. Conclusion: historical similarities in both the structure and operation of health care, coupled with common operational objectives around efficient resource use and waiting times, mediate how strategic policy is implemented and experienced in the devolved nations of the UK. 相似文献
77.
Philip Hughes 《Omega》1975,3(1):49-57
The first section of the paper is a review of current and planned data communications services. This covers the current state of the art in these services, identifies the need for change and surveys what plans have been made for new services. It looks at what forms of data communications have been established in various countries including the U.K., Germany, U.S.A. and Australia. The second part of the paper poses some key questions. These are broadly similar to those involved in planning other major new investments in utilities or public transportation involving a high degree of technical innovation. They cover the problems of designing a new technology, the pricing of data communications utilities, how to evaluate new services and what the role of the monopoly supplier should be. The paper does not set out to answer these questions but to expose them as areas where controversy is centred, and new research work required. 相似文献
78.
Hughes JM 《Physician executive》1998,24(5):46-51
In all organizations, the state of finance is routinely reported in sublime detail for study and action. And yet, anywhere from 20 to 50 percent of the monies involved in that report are never identified as unnecessary and nonproductive. These monies, referred to as the Cost of Waste (COW), are the result of actions that have been taken or must be taken because quality is not served--inappropriate actions are being performed or appropriate actions are not being performed right the first time, every time. Proactively determining, reporting, and monitoring the COW brings a degree of objectivity to the quality management process and provides a powerful internal driver for performance improvement. A 10 step Cost of Waste system is proposed. 相似文献
79.
The study on which this article is based addressed the issue of the proportion of adult day care centers (ADCs) existing in 1986 that would qualify for Medicare funding under the 1989 U.S. Senate Medicare Adult Day Care Amendments. It also estimated the impact of the criteria on two policy-relevant subgroups of ADCs-that is, Alzheimer's vs. non-Alzheimer's and rural vs. urban-using data from a 1986 national census survey of ADCs. The five proposed Medicare criteria and the percentage of ADCs meeting them were: services to be provided directly, 14.6%; multi-disciplinary team, 20%; services to be provided directly or indirectly, 16%; program activities, 42%; and other, 53%. Only 3% met all five criteria while 13% met four out of five. Alzheimer's centers met the criteria more often than non-Alzheimer's centers, while urban centers qualified more often than rural centers. Based on the findings, implications for Medicare funding policy are discussed. 相似文献
80.
Our goal in this article is to contribute to a differentiated analysis of paid caring work by considering whether and how women's experiences of such work is shaped by their employment status (for example, self‐employed versus employee) and the nature of care provided (direct or indirect). Self‐employed care workers have not been widely studied compared with other types of care workers, such as employees providing domestic or childcare in private firms or private homes. Yet their experiences may be quite distinct. Existing research suggests that self‐employed workers earn less than employees and are often excluded from employment protection. Nonetheless, they often report greater autonomy and job satisfaction in their day‐to‐day work. Understanding more about the experiences of self‐employed caregivers is thus important for enriching existing theory, research and policy on the marketization of care. Addressing this gap, our article explores the working conditions, pay and levels of satisfaction of care workers who are self‐employed. We draw on interviews from a small‐scale study of Canadian women engaged in providing direct care (for example, childcare) and indirect care (for example, cleaning). 相似文献