On improvement of prediction in arma processes

Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived in the paper that enable to decide whether an additional multivariate process will improve the prediction in a given multivariate discrete stationary process. The both processes are assumed to form together a process ARMAm n Further it was investigated wnen one can asser t that the both processes are uncorrelated provided the additional process did not improve the prediction in the original process, Some hints for the actual construction of predictors in a multivariate ARMA. (m n) process can be found in the paper.     

薪资：最大的秘密在哪里？

谈论薪酬一直是职场禁忌,但最新的研究表明 公开讨论这个话题可令企业受益 我们反复听到这样的说法:开诚布 公,透明化管理意义重大。但在 大多数企业中,仍有某些东西被 视为高度机密,那就是薪资制度。具体来 说,就是报酬是多少,如何确定。 “我们生活在最为开放的社会中,但 仍旧不讨论此话题,因为觉得它不宜提 及。”西格尔集团下属的西伯森咨询公司     

Understanding gender differences in older people's attitudes towards life-prolonging medical technologies

The power of medical technologies to extend the final stages of life has heightened the need to understand what factors influence older people's wish to use such medical technologies. We analyse gender differences in such views, based on audio-recorded interviews with 33 men and 36 women (aged 65–93) in south-east England. Older women were twice as likely as men to oppose using medical technologies to extend life. More older women voiced ‘other-oriented’ reasons for their opposition, particularly not wanting to be a burden on others. Older men's attitudes were primarily ‘self-oriented’, reflecting a concern to stay alive for as long as possible, with fewer expressing concern about consequences for others. Women's greater life course involvement in caring and empathising with the wishes and concerns of others underlay these gender differences. Thus, women were ‘performing gender’ by putting others before themselves, even at this critical juncture in their lives.     

The Influence of Ethical Reasoning on Leader Effectiveness

In making decisions about ethical issues for their organizations, effective nonprofit executives differ substantially from ineffective nonprofit executives according to the study reported here.     

Community Context,Women's Natal Kin Ties,and Demand for Children: Macro-Micro Linkages in Social Demography1

Abstract Recent research in many areas of social demography has begun to address the implications of cultural, social, and economic context for individual–level preferences and behavior. We expand on this theme by arguing that multiple levels of context may simultaneously direct individual–level strategies. We focus on the relationship between women's natal kin ties and their demand for children, a substantive area in which context is thought to be particularly important. We use a combination of ethnographic and survey data to measure contextual characteristics, women's ties to their natal families, and couples' fertility preferences and behavior. Our results demonstrate that particularly supportive relationships with natal kin have more influence on fertility preferences and behavior than contact with natal kin, although both dimensions are important. The results also show that even within the same cultural context, radically different community environments can produce opposite consequences of ties to natal kin.     

Stress, the press, the baby and the bathwater

The most important service rendered by the press is that of educating people to approach printed matter with distrust.

Samuel Butler, 1835-1902 English novelist and satirist     

Some results on commutation matrices,with statistical applications

The commutation matrix P _mn changes the order of multiplication of a Kronecker matrix product. The vec operator stacks columns of a matrix one under another in a single column. It is possible to express the vec of a Kronecker matrix product in terms of a Kronecker product of vecs of matrices. The commutation matrix plays an important role here. “Super-vec-operators” like vec A ? vec A vec ( A ? A ), and vec{( A ? A ) P _nn} are very convenient. Several of their properties are being studied. Both the traditional commutation matrix and vec operator and the newer concepts developed from these are applied to multivariate statistical and related problems.     

The efficient cross-validation of principal components applied to principal component regression

The cross-validation of principal components is a problem that occurs in many applications of statistics. The naive approach of omitting each observation in turn and repeating the principal component calculations is computationally costly. In this paper we present an efficient approach to leave-one-out cross-validation of principal components. This approach exploits the regular nature of leave-one-out principal component eigenvalue downdating. We derive influence statistics and consider the application to principal component regression.     

Mutual gains? labor and management evaluate their employee involvement programs

This study examines the impact of employee involvement programs on social, psychological, production, and economic issues. The findings are based on a diverse group of 236 EI programs in Pennsylvania, where data were gathered from both management and labor in the same workplace. The majority of the programs are based on a quality circle model; few contain innovative pay systems; and less than one third could be classified as intensive. Management indicates that these programs have a positive impact on a variety of factors, especially social and psychological effects. Unions are less enthusiastic about EI but are generally positive or neutral, with few indicating any negative effects. Despite these generally positive reports by both labor and management, direct comparison yields little agreement between labor and management on the effects of EI. Our results question the assumption of “mutual gains,” i.e., that the effects of EI programs are clear, public, and shared equally by both labor and management. Alternative explanations are discussed. This research was conducted with grants from the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry and the Pennsylvania MILRITE Committee. The views expressed, however, are solely those of the authors.