Proteins' promise--progress and challenges in ovarian cancer proteomics

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynaecological cancer death. The mortality rate of ovarian cancer could be greatly decreased if there were a screening test which was able to detect the disease at an early stage, resulting in an increased probability of cure. The most promising prospect for the early detection of ovarian cancer comes from the rapidly advancing field of clinical proteomics. An increasing number of reports on the potential clinical application of proteomics research for early detection as well as risk assessment and management of ovarian cancer are being published. Although the research is very promising, major technical challenges are still preventing new discoveries in ovarian cancer proteomics from being translated into clinical practice.     

Foreign-born emigration: A new approach and estimates based on matched CPS files

The utility of postcensal population estimates depends on the adequate measurement of four major components of demographic change: fertility, mortality, immigration, and emigration. Of the four components, emigration, especially of the foreign-born, has proved the most difficult to gauge. Without "direct" methods (i.e., methods identifying who emigrates and when), demographers have relied on indirect approaches, such as residual methods. Residual estimates, however are sensitive to inaccuracies in their constituent parts and are particularly ill-suited for measuring the emigration of recent arrivals. Here we introduce a new method for estimating foreign-born emigration that takes advantage of the sample design of the Current Population Survey (CPS): repeated interviews of persons in the same housing units over a period of 16 months. Individuals appearing in a first March Supplement to the CPS but not the next include those who died in the intervening year, those who moved within the country, and those who emigrated. We use statistical methods to estimate the proportion of emigrants among those not present in the follow-up interview. Our method produces emigration estimates that are comparable to those from residual methods in the case of longer-term residents (immigrants who arrived more than 10 years ago), but yields higher--and what appear to be more accurate--estimates for recent arrivals. Although somewhat constrained by sample size, we also generate estimates by age, sex, region of birth, and duration of residence in the United States.     

Death by survey: Estimating adult mortality without selection bias from sibling survival data

The widely used methods for estimating adult mortality rates from sample survey responses about the survival of siblings, parents, spouses, and others depend crucially on an assumption that, as we demonstrate, does not hold in real data. We show that when this assumption is violated so that the mortality rate varies with sibship size, mortality estimates can be massively biased. By using insights from work on the statistical analysis of selection bias, survey weighting, and extrapolation problems, we propose a new and relatively simple method of recovering the mortality rate with both greatly reduced potential for bias and increased clarity about the source of necessary assumptions.     

乡村教师培训问题探析

实施乡村振兴战略需要高度重视发展农村义务教育,乡村教师作为农村贯彻党的教育方针,落实立德树人根本任务的主体之一,在建设高质量教育体系中的作用不容忽视,提升乡村教师的整体素质势在必行。新疆作为我国西部欠发达地区,在教育资源整体落后的情况下,乡村教师队伍的总体发展面临着许多的困难,其中,乡村教师的培训问题尤为突出,主要包括：老师缺乏话语权,处于“被培训”状态;培训内容和形式单一化;培训的体制、机制不够完备;主要依靠政府主导,欠缺社会力量的参与等问题,针对相应的问题本文提出：重视教师的主体地位,满足主体诉求、开展精准化本土化培训、健全和完善培训的体制机制、建立社会力量参与乡村教师培训发展体系等建议。     

浅析人事档案管理的重要性及优化方法

在人事管理当中,人事档案管理占据着非常重要的位置,单位通过对人事档案的管理,可以对每一位员工的工作经历、社会关系、学习情况等信息进行准确的了解与掌握,这在人才选拨或是升职加薪方面都具有十分重要的作用。所以,单位就要从根本上认识到人事档案管理的重要性,通过有效的优化方法来提高人事档案管理的水平,为单位的发展提供档案服务。本文就将围绕这些问题进行相关的阐述。     

公司文化:美国高等教育的新威胁

为民主而斗争是一项政治任务,也是一项教育任务.要促进充满活力的民主文化的产生,最根本的就是要认识到,教育必须被作为公共利益来看待.使高等教育沦为公司文化的附庸违反了教育支持和发展包含民主在内的公共空间的重要社会规则.从汤姆斯·杰佛逊到约翰·杜威,再到C.赖特·米尔斯,赞颂教育对于民主公共生活的根本的重要性成为一个悠久的传统.