摆脱反型脂肪这个杀手

食品制造商在千方百计清除一种会堵塞血管的脂肪。有许多嗜好奥里奥牌奶油巧克力饼干的人,无疑认为改造他们喜爱的这种曲奇小甜饼的配方是非常要不得的。他们却不知道卡夫食品公司资深技术主管彼得·威尔森 (Peter Wilson)正在干些什么。威尔森及其食品科研小组花了3万个小时,试图把人们熟悉并喜爱的奥里奥饼干变成一种吃起来跟以前差不多、但不太可能带来血管堵塞后果的饼干。困难的是要去     

搜索引擎面面观

请为新的技术浪潮做好准备,从家里的3维卫星图像,到定制新闻,再到你的“点击流”。     

诗歌、歌曲和舞蹈的数字人类学根据及其美学意义

诗歌、歌曲和舞蹈作为交流的工具,超越了音乐的诸多限制.它们在传达某种信息上所需要的那种转换,实质上是以数字来表示的.本文所介绍的诗歌、歌曲和舞蹈的数字原则的应用,极好地说明了它们有着明确规定的数字人类学根据以及美学意义.     

蒙古人的格斯尔崇拜

格斯尔是藏族和蒙古族史诗<格(萨)斯尔>中所塑造的英雄人物.随着<格斯尔>在蒙古族地区的广泛流传,格斯尔形象在蒙古人心中也深深地扎下了根,成为他们崇拜的人物.蒙古人对格斯尔英雄的信仰崇拜,集中体现在风物传说、寺庙、敖包、祭祀、那达慕、家教等诸方面.这些崇拜既熔铸了蒙古人的审美情趣,又蕴藏着蒙古人极为丰富的文化内涵.     

Death by survey: Estimating adult mortality without selection bias from sibling survival data

The widely used methods for estimating adult mortality rates from sample survey responses about the survival of siblings, parents, spouses, and others depend crucially on an assumption that, as we demonstrate, does not hold in real data. We show that when this assumption is violated so that the mortality rate varies with sibship size, mortality estimates can be massively biased. By using insights from work on the statistical analysis of selection bias, survey weighting, and extrapolation problems, we propose a new and relatively simple method of recovering the mortality rate with both greatly reduced potential for bias and increased clarity about the source of necessary assumptions.     

Foreign-born emigration: A new approach and estimates based on matched CPS files

The utility of postcensal population estimates depends on the adequate measurement of four major components of demographic change: fertility, mortality, immigration, and emigration. Of the four components, emigration, especially of the foreign-born, has proved the most difficult to gauge. Without "direct" methods (i.e., methods identifying who emigrates and when), demographers have relied on indirect approaches, such as residual methods. Residual estimates, however are sensitive to inaccuracies in their constituent parts and are particularly ill-suited for measuring the emigration of recent arrivals. Here we introduce a new method for estimating foreign-born emigration that takes advantage of the sample design of the Current Population Survey (CPS): repeated interviews of persons in the same housing units over a period of 16 months. Individuals appearing in a first March Supplement to the CPS but not the next include those who died in the intervening year, those who moved within the country, and those who emigrated. We use statistical methods to estimate the proportion of emigrants among those not present in the follow-up interview. Our method produces emigration estimates that are comparable to those from residual methods in the case of longer-term residents (immigrants who arrived more than 10 years ago), but yields higher--and what appear to be more accurate--estimates for recent arrivals. Although somewhat constrained by sample size, we also generate estimates by age, sex, region of birth, and duration of residence in the United States.     

乡村教师培训问题探析

实施乡村振兴战略需要高度重视发展农村义务教育,乡村教师作为农村贯彻党的教育方针,落实立德树人根本任务的主体之一,在建设高质量教育体系中的作用不容忽视,提升乡村教师的整体素质势在必行。新疆作为我国西部欠发达地区,在教育资源整体落后的情况下,乡村教师队伍的总体发展面临着许多的困难,其中,乡村教师的培训问题尤为突出,主要包括：老师缺乏话语权,处于“被培训”状态;培训内容和形式单一化;培训的体制、机制不够完备;主要依靠政府主导,欠缺社会力量的参与等问题,针对相应的问题本文提出：重视教师的主体地位,满足主体诉求、开展精准化本土化培训、健全和完善培训的体制机制、建立社会力量参与乡村教师培训发展体系等建议。     

芬兰“现象式学习”的理论探索与实践经验——专访芬兰赫尔辛基大学科丝婷·龙卡(Kirsti Lonka)教授

科丝婷·龙卡教授(Kirsti Lonka)作为芬兰“现象式学习”研究的权威专家之一,其深厚的研究基础和丰富的实践经验对学生的“现象式学习”与教师的现象式教学都产生了巨大影响。近20年,龙卡教授在继承芬兰教育家玛雅利萨·劳斯特-冯·赖特(Maijaliisa Rauste-von Wright)教授关于“现象式学习”初始想法的基础上,带领团队为“现象式学习”概念的形成和发展作出了重大贡献。龙卡教授不仅在大学的教师教育专业为跨学科教学培养储备人才,使他们成为富有创造力、好奇心、跨学科素养和具备解决问题能力的未来教师,还主张要从学校管理者、日程安排、过程性评价和共享领导力等多个维度出发为学校顺利实施“现象式学习”提供支持。面对当前的改革和挑战,龙卡教授指出要特别重视教师在实施“现象式学习”这种新方法时产生的“情绪挑战”,这个过程会是教师发展抗压能力、情绪管理能力以及社会与情感技能的重要契机。龙卡教授还论述了如何对“现象式学习”进行评估,并提出评估应该是多元的、全面的、面向21世纪能力的主张,这也为国际上希望学习芬兰“现象式学习”的教育者提供了思路。因此,此次访谈不仅对深入理解芬兰的“现象式...