供应链知识共享的决策行为及影响因素研究

识别知识共享的影响因素是成功实施供应链知识共享的重点。以具有Stackelberg博弈特征的供应链为研究对象,分析了3种不同情况下供应链知识共享的决策行为,在定量分析的基础上讨论了供应链知识共享行为的影响因素。研究结果表明,供应链知识共享行为受到了知识价值、共享收益以及企业在供应链中的地位等诸多因素的影响。     

EDUCATIONAL SCREENING BY CERTIFICATES: AN EMPIRICAL TEST

This paper argues that the relevant test of wage screening effects should be based on educational certificates rather than years of schooling. This is because information conveyed to firms about individual productivity through years of schooling is not sufficiently refined for making individual wage offer decisions. Although it may be useful for making hiring decisions.     

社会学中的多元文化主义和民族多元主义——碎片化理论回顾与评述

社会学界目前存在着一种将多元文化主义视为推动社会碎片化的话语。根据社会学理论对多元文化主义(或民族/文化多元主义)进行情境化解读,厘清以不同社会凝聚为基础的多元文化主义概念化方式。选取过去的三四十年间,加拿大和欧洲主要社会学家的体现了碎片化多元文化主义的作品进行分析。不仅对多元文化主义碎片化观点进行描述,同时还采用"知识社会学"的方法对其观点进行分析。最后讨论并总结了这些论点在政策上可能产生的影响。     

Optimizing trial design in pharmacogenetics research: comparing a fixed parallel group,group sequential,and adaptive selection design on sample size requirements

Two‐stage clinical trial designs may be efficient in pharmacogenetics research when there is some but inconclusive evidence of effect modification by a genomic marker. Two‐stage designs allow to stop early for efficacy or futility and can offer the additional opportunity to enrich the study population to a specific patient subgroup after an interim analysis. This study compared sample size requirements for fixed parallel group, group sequential, and adaptive selection designs with equal overall power and control of the family‐wise type I error rate. The designs were evaluated across scenarios that defined the effect sizes in the marker positive and marker negative subgroups and the prevalence of marker positive patients in the overall study population. Effect sizes were chosen to reflect realistic planning scenarios, where at least some effect is present in the marker negative subgroup. In addition, scenarios were considered in which the assumed ‘true’ subgroup effects (i.e., the postulated effects) differed from those hypothesized at the planning stage. As expected, both two‐stage designs generally required fewer patients than a fixed parallel group design, and the advantage increased as the difference between subgroups increased. The adaptive selection design added little further reduction in sample size, as compared with the group sequential design, when the postulated effect sizes were equal to those hypothesized at the planning stage. However, when the postulated effects deviated strongly in favor of enrichment, the comparative advantage of the adaptive selection design increased, which precisely reflects the adaptive nature of the design. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Measuring Advances in Equality of Opportunity: The Changing Gender Gap in Educational Attainment in Canada in the Last Half Century

The notion of Equality of Opportunity (EO) has pervaded much of economic and social justice policy over the last half century in conveying a sense of liberation from the circumstances that constrain an individual’s ability to achieve it, and it has been a cornerstone of many gender equality programs. However unequivocal pursuit of the so called “Luck Egalitarianism” imperative has met with many critics who question why individuals who are blessed with good circumstances would wish to be “liberated” from them. This has led to a more qualified pursuit of Equal Opportunity which adds an additional proviso—that no circumstance group should be made worse off by such a policy or decentralized private initiative. Indeed observed practices, by focusing on the opportunities of the poorly endowed in circumstance, do accord with such a qualified Equal Opportunity mandate. Here it is contended that, because of the asymmetric nature of such a policy or initiative, existing empirical techniques will not fully capture the progress made toward an EO goal. Hence a new technique is introduced and employed in examining progress toward such a Qualified Equal Opportunity (QEO) Objective in the context of the educational attainments of Canadian males and females born between the 1920s and the 1970s (In the early part of that century, females did not perform as well as males educationally, and were much more constrained by their parental educational circumstance). A QEO goal is generally found to cohere with the data with females becoming less attached to their parental educational circumstance, and indeed surpassing males in their educational attainments.     

Human capital theory: implications for human resource development

This article reviews definitions of 'Human Capital Theory' by leading economists and HRD scholars. The origin of the term 'capital' is explained, and the link between Human Capital Theory and HRD is discussed. It is argued in the article that HRD scholars and practitioners should explore further the link between human capital, HRD and development at individual, organizational, community and international levels.     

澳门人力资源发展之结构性问题

澳门博彩业长期以来以优厚薪金聘请员工,但工作性质大多属于中低技术的,比较刻板、重覆、无创造性。这渐渐在本地构成了一种独特的经济诱因结构——不需要大专学历,只要外貌、年龄、算术能力等符合一定要求,就较易入职于博彩业,高薪酬回报使入职者有仿佛踏入中产阶层的错觉。问题的症结是,具有广阔的世界观、勇于创新及突破、喜欢独立或批判性思考的人才,不容易在澳门这种独特的经济诱因结构中独得培育、赏识及奖励。因此,多元化及具创造力的本地人力资源不容易培养出来;这将会对于未来澳门的经济多元化发展及竞争力构成很大的绊阻。若要扭转这困局,澳门特区政府须要提供新的经济诱因及实施相关政策。     

RELATIONAL SCHEMAS, HOSTILE ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS, AND BELIEFS ABOUT MARRIAGE AMONG YOUNG AFRICAN AMERICAN ADULTS

The present study tests a developmental model designed to explain the romantic relationship difficulties and reluctance to marry often reported for African Americans. Using longitudinal data from a sample of approximately 400 African American young adults, we examine the manner in which race-related adverse experiences during late childhood and early adolescence give rise to the cynical view of romantic partners and marriage held by many young African Americans. Our results indicate that adverse circumstances disproportionately suffered by African American youth (viz., harsh parenting, family instability, discrimination, criminal victimization, and financial hardship) promote distrustful relational schemas that lead to troubled dating relationships, and that these negative relationship experiences, in turn, encourage a less positive view of marriage.     

Social Environmental Variation, Plasticity Genes, and Aggression: Evidence for the Differential Susceptibility Hypothesis

Although G×E studies are typically based on the assumption that some individuals possess genetic variants that enhance their vulnerability to environmental adversity, the differential susceptibility perspective posits that these individuals are simply more susceptible to environmental influence than others. An important implication of this model is that those persons most vulnerable to adverse social environments are the same ones who reap the most benefit from environmental support. The present study tested several implications of this proposition. Using longitudinal data from a sample of several hundred African Americans, we found that relatively common variants of the dopamine receptor gene and the serotonin transporter gene interact with social environmental conditions to predict aggression in a manner consonant with differential susceptibility. When the social environment was adverse, individuals with these genetic variants manifested more aggression than other genotypes, whereas when the environment was supportive they demonstrated less aggression than other genotypes. Further, we found that these genetic variants interact with environmental conditions to foster various cognitive schemas and emotions in a manner consistent with differential susceptibility and that a latent construct formed by these schemas and emotions mediated the effect of gene by environment interaction on aggression.