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31.
The existence of old boy networks has long been postulated as a possible explanation for the presence of gender differences in market outcomes but with little empirical support because of the difficulty of measuring network access. This article exploits the unique attributes of academic labor markets and detailed data on individuals and jobs for PhD economists over nearly four decades. The results suggest that networks impact the joint decision to publish and coauthor, that these network effects differ by gender, and that gender differences in network access change over time as women become more well represented in a profession. (JEL J44 , J77 , J24 ) 相似文献
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Demography - The concept of desired family size is widely accepted, and numerous studies have been undertaken to measure its level in certain population groups. The determination of desired family... 相似文献
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Identification of optimal reporting method by analysis requires that a criterion be available for selecting those ‘best’ practices which are to act as the norms for standardisation. ‘Predictive ability’ has been suggested as such a criterion. This article argues that ‘predictive ability’ should be rejected in favour of an overriding economic criterion for the design of reporting methods and information systems. An information system is only valuable as part of a wider system. This article proposes that the wider system in which we are interested must be ‘more valuable’ in contemplation of change than without it, if changes in information systems are to be justified. 相似文献
35.
This paper examines the relative importance of information, psychic and other costs of relocation as mitigating factors (off-sets to spatial earnings differentials) within the migration decision. The methodology employed for this examination is based upon: (1) observation of relationships between the geographic allocation and personal characteristics of labor force migrants, and (2) inferences, drawn from these observations, on the relative importance of various relocation cost components. Empirical analyses of the migration decision based upon this indirect methodology provide important insights on both the determinants and allocative efficiency of interstate labor force migration in the United States. 相似文献
36.
The paper examines how the computational efficiency of tree search applied to job-shop scheduling problems may be improved by a statistical method which provides both a bound and stopping rule for the search process. The Weibull distribution is used as the limiting form of the frequency distribution of the smallest members of samples of feasible job-shop schedules. Estimates of the optimal solution are obtained by calculating the most likely value of the Weibull location parameter, allowing a tight bracket for the optimal makespan value to be established. Estimates of the optimal solution of sub-problems with fixed partial sequence are proposed as approximate lower bounds for a ‘best-bound’ search strategy. 相似文献
37.
We track faculty for 30 yr at five PhD‐granting departments of economics. Two‐thirds of faculty who take alternative employment move downward; less than one‐quarter moves upward. We find a substantial penalty for seniority, even after richly controlling for faculty productivity, and the penalty is little changed when we allow wages and returns to seniority to differ by mobility status. Faculty who end up moving to better or comparable positions were penalized as severely for seniority while they were in our sample as faculty who stay. These results are incompatible with the raiding hypothesis. Faculty from top 10 programs are also punished for seniority but to a lesser degree than other faculty, which could reflect reduced monopsony power against such faculty if they are more marketable. All results persist when we control for prospective publications and allow lower returns for older publications. Match‐quality bias has dissipated in the post‐internet period, which may be the consequence of greater availability of information. (JEL J62, J44, J42) 相似文献
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This paper develops a theory of vertical and horizontal product differentiation to explain observed price-cost margin differentials for goods that differ in quality. The difference in price-cost margins between the high- and low-quality goods is shown to depend positively on consumers' average valuation for incremental increases in quality and positively on the distance to each competitor's closest rival. These predictions are largely supported using an extensive station-level data set of premium and regular unleaded gasoline prices from the Los Angeles Basin area from 1992–1995. 相似文献
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THE IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND HUMAN CAPITAL ON WAGES 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Historically, economists have taken the position that psychological capital is either unobservable or immeasurable; thus, heretofore, little evidence has been available on the contribution of psychological capital to wages. Using data drawn from two different waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we offer evidence that psychological capital has both a direct effect—via self-esteem—and an indirect effect—through locus of control—on an individual's real wage. We find a person s wage is more sensitive to changes in self-esteem than to comparable alterations in human capital. Both relative wages and human capital contribute to self-esteem. 相似文献