Urbanization does not affect green space bird species richness in a mid-sized city

Urban Ecosystems - Urbanization is one of the most intensive forms of landscape and habitat transformation, resulting in species loss, and taxonomic and functional homogenization of different...     

从自卑情结看《远大前程》

分析指出,自卑情结是著名心理学家阿德勒个体心理学理论的一个重要概念。自卑是人类的正常情感,用适当的方式超越自卑也是社会进步的动力。《远大前程》中的三个主要人物皮普、郝薇仙和马格韦契都有不同程度的自卑情结,并且选择了不同的超越自卑方式。这些不当的超越自卑方式是人物悲剧命运的原因之一。     

论《失乐园》的末三卷

史诗《失乐园》的最后三卷是史诗不可分离的组成部分.史诗主人公亚当夏娃在前九卷里因屈服于撒旦的诱惑而堕落并失去伊甸园,但在最后三卷里获得以“谦卑”“忍耐”和“信仰”为核心的“内在精神”之“英雄知识”的装备,成长为弥尔顿始终倡导的“基督式英雄”,以怀着“心中远为快乐的乐园”,迎向孤寂艰难的未来.由此,史诗的最后三卷为堕落世界里那些已经堕落或可能堕落的人树立了“英雄精神追寻”的范式.     

Incidence of Social Accountability in Local Governance: The Case of the Network for Fair,Democratic and Sustainable Cities and Territories in Latin America

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - In Latin America, the emergence of a series of civil society initiatives aimed at citizen engagement for social...     

Promoting Individual and Social Changes: A Hybrid Model of Social Work with Groups

Taking as a starting point two influential, yet different approaches in group work, that is, the self-directed group work and mutual aid models, this article examines a possible alternative for conducting social work with groups. Drawing from structuration theory, which makes a strong dialectical relation between agency and structure possible, this article highlights how our alternative model could lead to a greater integration of the micro- and macrodimensions in group-work practice. The Discussion section proposes three key principles for group work, namely, a belief in people’s strengths and capacities, a focus on critical thinking, and a concern for the development of a democratic culture in groups. These principles are conveyed through the group worker’s roles as consciousness raiser and process facilitator and provide a flexible and participatory process that can be used with a broad range of service-user groups. The article concludes with a discussion on the strengths and limitations of the model.     

研发支出资本化核算及对GDP和主要变量的影响

本文依据2008年SNA,阐述了GDP核算框架中的R&D支出资本化核算处理、基本分类和基本方法,分别从生产法GDP核算、收入法GDP核算和支出法GDP核算三个角度,系统梳理了各种不同类型研发活动的资本化核算对GDP核算和相关主要变量的影响,详细讨论了自给性生产与以出售为目的生产、市场生产者与非市场生产者的区别。研究结果表明,不同类型研发活动的资本化核算方法有所不同,对GDP核算的影响也有所不同。总体而言,在研发支出资本化后,从生产法看,总产出和增加值有所增加,中间消耗有所减少;从收入法看,劳动者报酬和生产税净额保持不变,固定资产折旧和营业盈余增加;从支出法看,资本形成总额有所增加,政府消费有所减少,居民消费和净出口保持不变。同时,本文还讨论了开放经济中研发出口和进口核算的问题。     

The Universal Decline of Universality? Social Policy Change in Canada,Denmark, Sweden and the UK

The debate about the future of universal social programmes has been raging for years, both in social‐democratic and in liberal welfare states. The objective of this article is to contribute to the literature on universality by analyzing the evolution of universal social programmes in two social‐democratic and two liberal countries: Denmark, Sweden, Canada and the UK. This choice of countries provides the opportunity to investigate whether the principle and practice of universality has fared differently both within and between countries. The analysis focuses primarily on the national level while exploring three policy areas: pensions, healthcare and family policy, specifically child benefits and day care. The main conclusion of our comparative analysis is clear: among our two liberal and two social‐democratic countries, the institutional strength of universality varies greatly from one policy area and one country to another. Considering this, there is no such a thing as a universal decline of universality.     

Estimation of the Intensity Parameter of the Germ‐Grain Quermass‐Interaction Model when the Number of Germs is not Observed

The Quermass‐interaction model allows to generalize the classical germ‐grain Boolean model in adding a morphological interaction between the grains. It enables to model random structures with specific morphologies, which are unlikely to be generated from a Boolean model. The Quermass‐interaction model depends in particular on an intensity parameter, which is impossible to estimate from classical likelihood or pseudo‐likelihood approaches because the number of points is not observable from a germ‐grain set. In this paper, we present a procedure based on the Takacs–Fiksel method, which is able to estimate all parameters of the Quermass‐interaction model, including the intensity. An intensive simulation study is conducted to assess the efficiency of the procedure and to provide practical recommendations. It also illustrates that the estimation of the intensity parameter is crucial in order to identify the model. The Quermass‐interaction model is finally fitted by our method to P. Diggle's heather data set.     

An extension of the generalized half-normal distribution

In this paper we propose an extension of the generalized half-normal distribution studied in Cooray and Ananda (Commun Stat 37:1323–1337, 2008). This new distribution is defined by considering the quotient of two random variables, the one in the numerator being a generalized half normal distribution and the one in the denominator being a power of the uniform distribution on \((0,1)\) , respectively. The resulting distribution has greater kurtosis than the generalized half normal distribution. The density function of this more general distribution is derived jointly with some of its properties and moments. We discuss stochastic representation, maximum likelihood and moments estimation. Applications to real data sets are reported revealing that the proposed distribution can fit real data better than the slashed half-normal, generalized half-normal and Birnbaum–Saunders distributions.