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11.
Soaring food and energy prices sparked the revolts in Northern African countries at the end of 2010. This article investigates empirically the impact of world food prices on inflation and government subsidies for Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the occupied Palestinian territories and Tunisia during the ten‐year period 2002–11. Its findings reveal an asymmetry in the response of consumer‐price inflation to shocks in world food prices that made inflation rise fast while nominal rigidities prevented it from falling. Moreover, it shows that government balances deteriorated to 2% of GDP in 2008 and 2011 owing to the incremental government food subsidies, while they hardly improved in value terms when world prices fell sharply in 2009.  相似文献   
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Standard control charts are very sensitive to estimation effects and/or deviations from normality. Hence a program has been carried out to remedy these problems. This is quite adequate in most circumstances, but not in all. In the present paper, the remaining complication is attacked: what to do if a nonparametric approach is indicated, but too few control observations are available for the estimation step? It is shown that grouping the observations during the monitoring phase works well. Surprisingly, rather than using the group averages, it is definitely preferable to compare the minimum for each group to a suitably chosen upper control limit. (And in the two-sided case, also the maximum to an analogous lower control limit.) This ‘minimum control chart’ is demonstrated to be quite attractive: it is easy to explain and to implement. Moreover, while it is truly nonparametric, its power of detection is comparable to that of the customary, normality assuming, charts based on averages.  相似文献   
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In this article we would like to introduce a three-year Research Project called 'New Local Policies against Social Exclusion in European Cities', financed by the Targeted Socio-Economic Research Program (TSER) of the European Union. We will briefly highlight the entire research project that aims to make a contribution to European debate about social exclusion within social work (see also Washington and Paylor 1998), as well as social work's theoretical knowledge and field projects. The specific emphasis is on analysing the significance of the eco-social environment and citizen participation in disadvantaged residential areas, but related work aims to develop new kinds of action models and research methods. The project started in January 1998 in Finland, Germany, and Great Britain, and it will be completed by the end of 2000. Our research is a unique kind of cross-national comparative case-context research, based on classic ideas of action research and comparative research. Overall, the project aims through a European exchange to develop innovative models of local policies, particularly within community-based social work.  相似文献   
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Children in Foster Care: Possible factors affecting permanency planning   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This is a study of Children in Foster Care to determine possible factors affecting permanency planning. Several issues were determined to be of importance, cultural diversity, economics, and family support services. Areas needing additional study were determined to be the different treatment given to African-American and poor children, and the influence of economic and social problems on placement needs and planning.  相似文献   
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Recent cases of unethical publication behavior have raised the question of how to address it. Because scientific misconduct (conduct inconsistent with accepted scientific standards) can occur on a continuum ranging from honest errors to outright fraud, there is a need to change editorial policies to reduce the existence of any gray areas. In the case of quantitative empirical research, misconduct begins with honorary and ghost authors, plagiarism and self-plagiarism, and extends to manipulation or even fabrication of data and the reporting of biased or false results. It is suggested that journals should retract articles, inform retraction watch more frequently, use plagiarism software, ask for better and more detailed documentation of procedures so that research can be replicated and potentially analysed as manipulation, and reveal possible affiliations that might lead to biases. These policies will also facilitate faster learning, which will be beneficial to society.  相似文献   
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For attribute data with (very) small failure rates control charts were introduced which are based on subsequent groups of r   failure times, for some r≥1r1. Within this family, it was shown to be attractive to stop once the maximum of such a group is sufficiently small, because this choice allows a very satisfactory nonparametric adaptation. The question we address here is whether a cumulative approach offers even further improvement. Thus instead of fixed groups, we shall use the first sequence of r consecutive sufficiently small failure times to produce a signal. A further reason for considering this type of chart is the fact that it forms the nonparametric counterpart of the well-known sets method.  相似文献   
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Good control charts for high quality processes are often based on the number of successes between failures. Geometric charts are simplest in this respect, but slow in recognizing moderately increased failure rates p. Improvement can be achieved by waiting until r>1 failures have occurred, i.e. by using negative binomial charts. In this paper we analyze such charts in some detail. On the basis of a fair comparison, we demonstrate how the optimal r is related to the degree of increase of p. As in practice p will usually be unknown, we also analyze the estimated version of the charts. In particular, simple corrections are derived to control the nonnegligible effects of this estimation step.  相似文献   
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