Sexual orientation and full-time monthly earnings, by public and private sector: evidence from Swedish register data

In this paper we explore annual earnings as well as full-time monthly earnings differentials resulting from sexual orientation. We observe that gay males are at an earnings disadvantage compared to male heterosexuals regardless of which earnings measure we use. This earnings disadvantage is found to be larger when we compare gay and heterosexual males who are working full-time. In addition, the disadvantage is larger in the private than in the public sector. Lesbians, however, earn more than heterosexual females. This earnings advantage is considerably smaller when we study full-time monthly rather than annual earnings but an earnings advantage for lesbians at the top of the earnings distribution is documented regardless of which earnings measure we use. In addition, lesbians are doing better than female heterosexuals in the public sector. To sum up, the results indicate that gay males face obstacles on the labor market that hinder them from reaching top-level positions and high earnings. The earnings advantage observed for lesbians is likely to stem from the fact that lesbians devote more time to market work than heterosexual females do.     

透视学历社会

学历社会是工业化、现代化发展到一定阶段的必然结果,它在促进社会经济发展,用标准化、客观化的手段选拔人才等方面所起的作用勿容置疑。但学历社会也带来了应试教育、功利教育、高学历消费等诸多弊端,我们必须正视学历社会,并以终身学习为理念,实现由“学历社会”向“学习型社会”的转变。     

诗人的返回与出走--杨炼《礼魂》与"寻根"文学的差异及其现代意识与宁静主题

杨炼诗歌不同于一般意义上的"寻根"文学,在诗集<礼魂>中就体现出明显的现代意识,不同于"寻根"文学重建民族自信心和民族精神的目的,而是更多地关注人类生存困境和精神归所;返回中华历史传统,不作历史回响,对传统创新,用现代立场审视历史发掘历史,走出传统后再次回来,以东方智慧的宁静来解决现代困惑.     

Estimation of the mean of the exponential distribution using moving extremes ranked set sampling

Moving Extremes Ranked Set Sampling (MERSS) is a useful modification of Ranked Set Sampling (RSS). Unlike RSS, MERSS allows for an increase of set size without introducing too much ranking error. The method is considered parametrically under exponential distribution. Maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), and a modified MLE are considered and their properties are studied. The method is studied under both perfect and imperfect ranking (with error in ranking). It appears that these estimators can be real competitors to the MLE using the usual simple random sampling (SRS).     

解读《老人与海》中海明威的“人与自然“观念

通过阅读海明威的<老人与海>,并结合作者一生的坎坷经历,阐述了蕴含于作品中的关于"人与自然"的哲学思考同自然法则相比,人的力量是"不合理"的,但人是不能被打败的.     

A graphical method for evaluating mixture designs with respect to the slope

Good estimation of the slopes of the mixture response function may be important as well as estimation of mean mixture response. It is possible to evaluate and compare several mixture designs with respect to the slope. A graphical method is proposed that allows us to evaluate a given design's support for the fitted model in terms of slope variance. We can plot variances of slopes along Cox direction or axial direction according to existence of restriction of simplex region or not when comparing several different mixture designs.     

邓小平对毛泽东中国现代化战略构想的完善和发展

邓小平对毛泽东的中国现代化战略构想在目标模式、时间估计、战略步骤和动力来源等方面进行了完善和发展     

社会工程与顶层设计

在马克思唯物史观视野中，“社会关系生产”是人类一种基本的“生产形式”。社会关系生产形式（形态）是具体的和历史的。社会工程既是现代“社会关系生产”的典型形态．又是人类把握现代社会世界的重要方式。这种把握方式的本质就是顶层设计。     

晚唐五代禅僧行脚问题考析

晚唐五代,游方参学成为禅宗僧人突出的修行方式之一.行脚,作为动态的修行方式,与静态的修行方式相得益彰,共同推动了禅学的兴盛.借助行脚僧,在南岳系和青原系之间建立联系,促使了禅宗宗门之间的融合.行脚僧的游走,产生出禅师与学僧、禅师之间、学僧之间等多重关系;出现"代别"、"举古"等新的表述方式;为<祖堂集>等综合性著述的出现创造了条件.行脚现象推动了参禅者的悟道进程,繁荣了禅林,促进了各种教化手段的产生,融合了各派宗风,彰显出禅宗的时代特色.     

学生之间的软暴力问题分析

软暴力主要是心理上的暴力。相对于身体上的暴力而言，其危害性程度更深，作用于受害人的时间更长。影响力具有隐性特点。正是由于软暴力的隐性特点，人们往往易于忽视对其的重视和控制程度，这更加助长了它的发生率。处于青少年阶段的学生，正是身心发展的重要时期，也是人生社会化的重要阶段，在这一时期的发展状况对他们的将来会产生深远的影响。学生之间的软暴力造成的危害不容忽视。本文主要讨论学生之间软暴力产生的原因及其预防和控制。