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991.
Through examining the case of people with epilepsy (which, as we demonstrate, has an ambiguous status in relation to both popular and academic conceptions of disability) we explore the fluid, negotiable and contingent nature of identity and, in particular, the identification as ‘disabled’. Disability, we argue, cannot be reduced to either biology or social oppression, or even primarily to biological or social factors: it is the outcome of a complex interaction between a multiplicity of factors – biological, environmental, social, psychological, cultural and political – which will interact and be experienced differently by different people, at different times and in different situations. Rather than conceiving of disability in ‘all or nothing’ terms and of differing explanations as competing and mutually exclusive, it would be more productive to see them as partial and potentially complementary contributions to the better understanding of a complex and multifarious reality. 相似文献
992.
Ingmar Rapp 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2008,60(3):500-527
With regard to marriages, numerous studies have reported a time-dependent course of the dissolution rate, which is characterized by an initial rise and a subsequent decline after a couple of years. The article at hand discusses potential explanations for the correlation of marital duration and the risk of dissolution and examines them on the basis of the Family Survey 2000. The results indicate, among other things, that the concentration of childbirths in an early stage of marriage leads to a slow-down of the initial rise of the dissolution rate whereas it weakens its later decline as the stabilizing effect of shared children on marriage decreases when the children become older. There are significant differences with respect to the dependency of the dissolution risk on marital duration between the successive marriage cohorts, depending on the wife’s occupation, age at marriage as well as between couples who did vs. those who did not cohabitate before marriage. The results suggest that relationship-specific processes as well as changes of the marital preconditions resulting from the partners’ respective ages contribute to the explanation of the course of the dissolution rate. 相似文献
993.
We examine the implications, for social choice, of individuals having an intrinsic sense of fairness. Taking the viewpoint
that social justice reflects the moral attitudes of the constituent members, we analyze the effect of the intensity of the
individual sense of fairness on the solution of Nash bargaining over random allocation procedures. We use a stylized model
of university admission policies to illustrate our approach. We show that even if social policies are ultimately determined
by the bargaining power of the different groups, a society whose members have a common notion of fairness tends to implement
fairer admission policies when the intensity of the sense of fairness of individual members increases.
While working on the research that is summarized in this paper the authors visited several institutions. Edi Karni visited
the Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University and GRID, at Ecole Normale Superieur de Cachan. Zvi Safra visited CERMCEM
and EUREQua, at the University of Paris I and LIP6, at the University of Paris 6. The hospitality of these institutions is
gratefully acknowledged. We are also grateful to the editor and two anonymous referees for their very useful comments and
suggestions. Zvi Safra thanks The Israel Science Foudation (grant 1299/05) for its support. 相似文献
994.
Clinton G. Gudmunson Ivan F. Beutler Craig L. Israelsen J. Kelly McCoy E. Jeffrey Hill 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(3):357-376
Using a sample consisting of 4,997 married couples from the National Survey of Families and Households, individual emotional
distress, the occurrence of couple disagreements, couple fighting, and couple quality time together mediated the relationship
between financial strain and personal assessments of marital instability. The overall results suggest that financial strain
influences both positive and negative forms of couple interaction which are stronger mediators than personal emotional distress
of the relationship between financial strain and marital instability. The results further suggest that there were no gender
differences among these linkages. 相似文献
995.
A suitable parity for exchange rate fixing can be derived from an analysis of the equilibrium exchange rate. As the equilibrium
exchange rates of the new EU 5 countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, and the Slovak Republic, tend to
exhibit appreciation trends, credibility of the potential commitment to fixed exchange rate parity with respect to the euro
can be undermined. In order to investigate this issue, we estimate a behavioral model of real exchange rates for EU 5 countries
and derive the respective equilibrium real exchange rates. Using the linear-quadratic filter we estimate permanent equilibrium
exchange rates and their stationary points. We find that as of 2004 fixing of the national currencies to the euro should not
be undermined by further significant trend appreciation in the equilibrium exchange rates of the EU 5 countries, in aggregate. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
Im Vordergrund des Beitrags steht die Erweiterung der bisherigen Erkl?rungsans?tze zu Einstellungen zur sozialen Gerechtigkeit,
welche sich vornehmlich auf rationale Motive im Hinblick auf die soziale Position und normative Wertvorstellungen aus dem
kulturellen Kontext beziehen. Diese traditionellen Ans?tze werden um Einflüsse der regionalen Arbeitslosigkeit erg?nzt. Eine
zentrale Rolle nimmt dabei zun?chst die theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Einfluss des regionalen Kontextes auf Einstellungen
und Handlungen im Allgemeinen ein. Ausgehend von Boudons cognitivist model werden diese Mechanismen anschlie?end in ein umfassendes theoretisches Konzept zusammen mit den rationalen und normativen
Einflussfaktoren integriert. In einem zweiten Schritt wird das erweiterte theoretische Modell mit Hilfe von Mehrebenenmodellen
empirisch überprüft. Datenbasis sind zum einen die Umfragedaten des International Social Justice Project aus 2006 und zum anderen die Informationen zu Raumordnungsregionen der Arbeitsmarktstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit.
Die empirischen Analysen unterstützen weitgehend die Untersuchung von regionalen Einflussfaktoren neben individuellen Merkmalen. 相似文献
999.
Darren Noy 《The American Sociologist》2008,39(1):3-18
In this article, I argue for and illustrate ‘power mapping’ as a concrete research approach that can benefit specific publics
while enhancing professional sociological knowledge and theory. I present power mapping as an example of a more broad approach
to public sociology which seeks to harness sociological theory and knowledge in order to create generalizable analytical tools
that social movements, policy makers, concerned citizens, voluntary associations, and community organizations can use to develop
their own strategic assessments of the sociological contexts in which they act. One of the ironies of the current discussion
of public sociology is that it has been conducted in an abstract, hyper-theoretical discourse which is precisely one of the
factors that has disconnected so much sociology from general publics. In this article, I instead turn towards presenting a
specific concrete research strategy which could engender mutually beneficial research collaboration and dialogue between sociologists
and specific publics. 相似文献
1000.
A social welfare function treating all generations equally is derived from a set of axioms that allow for preferences for
catastrophe avoidance or risk equity. Implications for the case where there is a risk of world extinction are studied. We
show that substantial time discounting can arise from the planner’s taste for catastrophe avoidance, even if the probability
of the world ending is infinitesimally small.
We wish to thank Marc Fleurbaey, Thibault Gajdos, two anonymous referees and an associate editor for many valuable comments. 相似文献