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991.
We present a unified look at myopic stability concepts for hedonic games, and discuss the status of the existence problems
of stable coalition structures. In particular, we show that contractual strictly core stable coalition structures always exist,
and present a sufficient condition for the existence of contractually Nash stable coalition structures on the class of separable
games.
We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (D. Dimitrov)“by “D. Dimitrov gratefully
acknowledges financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. 相似文献
992.
Christian Gollier 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》2007,35(2):107-127
We examine the collective risk attitude of a group with heterogeneous beliefs. We prove that the wealth-dependent probability
distribution used by the representative agent is biased in favor of the beliefs of the more risk tolerant consumers. Moreover,
increasing disagreement on the state probability raises the state probability of the representative agent. It implies that
when most disagreements are concentrated in the tails of the distribution, the perceived collective risk is magnified. This
can help to solve the equity premium puzzle. We show that the trade volume and the equity premium are positively correlated.
相似文献
Christian GollierEmail: |
993.
Matthew E. Kahn 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》2007,35(1):17-43
Unexpected events such as environmental catastrophes capture wide public attention. Soon after five major shocks—Three Mile
Island, Love Canal, Bhopal, Chernobyl, and the Exxon Valdez oil spill—Congress voted on new risk regulation. This paper conducts
an event study to test whether individual congressional representatives were “shocked” by these environmental disasters into
increasing their probability of voting in favor of risk legislation. On average, representatives were less likely to vote
in favor of bills tied to these five events. Significant heterogeneity in representatives’ responses to these shocks is documented.
Liberal Northeast representatives were most likely to increase their pro-environment voting in the aftermath of these shocks.
相似文献
Matthew E. KahnEmail: |
994.
995.
Can ranking techniques elicit robust values? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper reports two experiments which examine the use of ranking methods to elicit ‘certainty equivalent’ values. It investigates
whether such methods are able to eliminate the disparities between choice and value which constitute the ‘preference reversal
phenomenon’ and which thereby pose serious problems for both theory and policy application. The results show that ranking
methods are vulnerable to distorting effects of their own, but that when such effects are controlled for, the preference reversal
phenomenon, previously so strong and striking, is very considerably attenuated.
相似文献
Graham LoomesEmail: |
996.
We analyze the risk levels chosen by agents who have private information regarding their quality, and whose performance will
be judged and rewarded by outsiders. Assume that risk choice is observable. Agents will choose risk strategically to enhance
their expected reputations. We show that conspicuous conservatism results: agents of different qualities choose levels below
those that would be chosen if quality were observable. This happens because bad agents must cloak their identity by choosing
the same risk level as good agents, and good agents are more likely to distinguish themselves if they reduce the risk level.
Our results contrast starkly with those for the case when risk choice cannot be observed.
相似文献
Richard ZeckhauserEmail: |
997.
The ratio bias—according to which individuals prefer to bet on probabilities expressed as a ratio of large numbers to normatively
equivalent or superior probabilities expressed as a ratio of small numbers—has recently gained momentum, with researchers
especially in health economics emphasizing the policy importance of the phenomenon. Although the bias has been replicated
several times, some doubts remain about its economic significance. Our two experiments show that the bias disappears once
order effects are excluded, and once salient and dominant incentives are provided. This holds true for both choice and valuation
tasks. Also, adding context to the decision problem does not alter this finding. No ratio bias could be found in between-subject
tests either, which leads us to the conclusion that the policy relevance of the phenomenon is doubtful at best. 相似文献
998.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, uses the term “remission” to describe the reduction of depressive symptoms. This paper argues that by categorizing someone who no longer has depressive symptoms as “in remission,” that person may feel indefinitely tied to his or her diagnosis. Considering the unfortunate stigma associated with mental illness, permanent linkage to diagnosis through records and professional memory may cause individuals to internalize pathology. In fact, the language of the diagnosis can affect self-perception in sensitive souls for a lifetime. As an implication for practice, we propose that cognitive and narrative therapy approaches, mood-memoirs, and use of metaphor present alternative uses of language that can reduce power imbalances between clinicians and clients, providing a bridge to healing. 相似文献
999.
As part of Sustainable Development Goals, the United Nations have set targets of upgrading slums and reducing poverty in all its dimensions by 2030. Policies towards improving the living conditions of slum-dwellers require proper assessment of their standard of living as well as understanding the associated characteristics. In this paper, using slum-level primary household survey data from three largest Indian cities, we, first, assess the standard of living of slum dwellers using both monetary and non-monetary approaches and then explore how various household and spatial characteristics are consistently or differently associated with both forms of assessments. We use standard monetary indicators, but to assess non-monetary standard of living, use a counting approach framework and justify the selection of specific indicators in the context of slums. Our analysis yields some interesting observations as some characteristics are differently associated with monetary and non-monetary living standards, which should affect policy designs in slums. 相似文献
1000.
Randomized response techniques are widely employed in surveys dealing with sensitive questions to ensure interviewee anonymity
and reduce nonrespondents rates and biased responses. Since Warner’s (J Am Stat Assoc 60:63–69, 1965) pioneering work, many
ingenious devices have been suggested to increase respondent’s privacy protection and to better estimate the proportion of
people, π
A
, bearing a sensitive attribute. In spite of the massive use of auxiliary information in the estimation of non-sensitive parameters,
very few attempts have been made to improve randomization strategy performance when auxiliary variables are available. Moving
from Zaizai’s (Model Assist Stat Appl 1:125–130, 2006) recent work, in this paper we provide a class of estimators for π
A
, for a generic randomization scheme, when the mean of a supplementary non-sensitive variable is known. The minimum attainable
variance bound of the class is obtained and the best estimator is also identified. We prove that the best estimator acts as
a regression-type estimator which is at least as efficient as the corresponding estimator evaluated without allowing for the
auxiliary variable. The general results are then applied to Warner and Simmons’ model. 相似文献