A plug-in the number of knots selector for polynomial spline regression

A plug-in the number of interior knots (NIKs) selector is proposed for polynomial spline estimation in nonparametric regression. The existence and properties of the optimal NIKs for spline regression are established by minimising the weighted mean integrated squared error. We obtain plug-in formulae for the optimal NIKs based on the theoretical results of asymptotic optimality, and develop strategies for choosing the NIKs of the spline estimator. The proposed NIKs selection method is tested on our simulated data with quite satisfactory performance, and is illustrated by analysing a fossil data set.     

Dynamic work hour optimization for casual workers

An original online problem named the work-break problem is proposed to optimize the work hours of casual workers. The algorithm for our problem has to answer for a casual worker about when he should have a break for his efficiency declines with the growing duration of current work period. We consider the online uncertainty of the work efficiency and present a periodic algorithm for the problem. Then our algorithm is proved to be 2-competitive by a novel form of competitive analysis.     

基于弹性定额理论的建筑能耗定额方法研究

论述了能耗定额的概念及意义,通过对能耗定额方法的研究,可以促进建筑的合理用能,能进一步推动我国节能减排事业的发展。分析了国内目前的几种能耗定额方法,提出了基于弹性定额理论的能耗定额方法,该方法能够鼓励能耗的降低,抑制能耗的增加;弹性能耗定额理论简单明了,易于国家调控政策的实施。     

Sensorial Place-Making in Ethnic Minority Areas: The Consumption of Forest Puer Tea in Contemporary China

This article examines sensorial place-making through analysing the taste and other sensory experiences of forest Puer tea in its consumption among the urban middle class in mainland China. In the process of creating the ‘terroir’ of forest Puer tea, sensorial experience has been frequently linked to its place of origin. I argue that ethnic minorities who cultivate the tea play a vital part in the imagination of the tea's terroir. Trips by consumers to the mountains where the tea is cultivated, which aim at facilitating a ‘full experience’ of the tea and its culture, have generated a special pattern of interactions between the urban middle class who consume the tea and the ethnic minorities who cultivate it. The consumption of Puer tea, which brings about social imaginary and transcendent economic value, has become a driving force for producing the locality of ethnic minority areas.     

Assessing Water Poverty in China Using Holistic and Dynamic Principal Component Analysis

In 1988, James Coleman observed that “social capital is defined by its function. It is not a single entity but a variety of different entities, with two elements in common: they all consist of some aspect of social structures, and they facilitate certain actions of actors-whether persons or corporate actors-within the structure.” If one looks at the state of social capital research, it is clear that this is truer than ever before. This paper seeks to help researchers overcome the major challenges of social capital research, namely, measuring a concept that is notoriously difficult for measurement and choosing among the exhaustive list of direct, casual and consequential measures. It does so by arguing for a typology of social capital that considers five major types of social capital and then reviewing a diverse selection of data available from national surveys. This provides a resource for scholars wishing to pursue large-scale social capital research. Additionally, it draws six lessons from this body of theory and measurement to improve the study of social capital.     

少数民族商人城市文化调适与城市民族工作方法的创新——以成都彝族果商的形成、影响为例

以成都彝族果商为例，使用2014年度六次入户访谈（采取彝汉双语半结构深度访谈）和抽样问卷的统计资料，针对彝族果商形成的原因及社会影响进行梳理、论证，提出城市管理工作中涉及少数民族管理的可行性建议。少数民族在进入城市生存与发展过程中，非常愿意接受城市营销管理规则和城市人基本权益等常识，然而苦于无处获得有益的信息。目前城市管理工作中，对少数民族外来人口一直滞留于以干预为主的模式。少数民族人口流动的城市管理工作必须选择一条以预防为主、干预为辅的道路，即及时、有效地在萌芽阶段发现问题和解决问题，才能使顺利实现创建和谐社会的目标。     

腐植酸盐对吉林稠油乳化作用研究

以乳状液稳定性为指标，在室内评价了腐植酸盐对吉林稠油的乳化作用。结果表明：腐植酸盐可以作为稠油乳化剂使用，具有一定的乳化降黏作用，但因原料、生产工艺不同，乳化性能存在差异。腐植酸盐与氢氧化钠复配使用可大大提高乳化性能。腐植酸盐可有效提高表面活性剂对稠油的乳化效果，其中对非离子表面活性剂的效果最好，对阴、阳离子表面活性剂作用相当。     

随机化实验和观察性研究中处理效应的识别与估计

文章考虑处理效应评估的统计方法.在许多社会科学中,人们经常关心处理效应的评估问题.这个问题最初来源于评价一种新药有没有疗效,而后人们把它扩展到很多领域.人们评估处理效应的最直接的方法是比较处理组与对照组的平均输出.然而,这种方法通常会导致处理效应估计产生选择性偏差.在随机化试验中,处理变量的随机化分配能够克服这种偏差.然而,随机化实验经常是不实用的,研究者们用的更多的是观测研究.在观测研究中,无混杂分配能够克服选择性偏差.并且在这个假设下,回归、匹配和倾向得分等方法都可以用于评估处理效应.     

Empirical likelihood weighted composite quantile regression with partially missing covariates

This paper develops a novel weighted composite quantile regression (CQR) method for estimation of a linear model when some covariates are missing at random and the probability for missingness mechanism can be modelled parametrically. By incorporating the unbiased estimating equations of incomplete data into empirical likelihood (EL), we obtain the EL-based weights, and then re-adjust the inverse probability weighted CQR for estimating the vector of regression coefficients. Theoretical results show that the proposed method can achieve semiparametric efficiency if the selection probability function is correctly specified, therefore the EL weighted CQR is more efficient than the inverse probability weighted CQR. Besides, our algorithm is computationally simple and easy to implement. Simulation studies are conducted to examine the finite sample performance of the proposed procedures. Finally, we apply the new method to analyse the US news College data.     

Accounting for clinical covariates and interactions in ranking genomic markers using ROC

In biomedical research, profiling is now commonly conducted, generating high-dimensional genomic measurements (without loss of generality, say genes). An important analysis objective is to rank genes according to their marginal associations with a disease outcome/phenotype. Clinical-covariates, including for example clinical risk factors and environmental exposures, usually exist and need to be properly accounted for. In this study, we propose conducting marginal ranking of genes using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) based method. This method can accommodate categorical, censored survival, and continuous outcome variables in a very similar manner. Unlike logistic-model-based methods, it does not make very specific assumptions on model, making it robust. In ranking genes, we account for both the main effects of clinical-covariates and their interactions with genes, and develop multiple diagnostic accuracy improvement measurements. Using simulation studies, we show that the proposed method is effective in that genes associated with or gene–covariate interactions associated with the outcome receive high rankings. In data analysis, we observe some differences between the rankings using the proposed method and the logistic-model-based method.