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131.
Research suggests that efficacy and empowerment are necessary for social engagement and that a sense of efficacy and empowerment exerts positive influences on older adults. However, little is known about how individual efficacy and empowerment are affected by group efficacy and empowerment in later life. To assess the impact of group involvement on the individual, the authors conducted a follow-up study with members of an art guild for older adults. Qualitative data were collected in 1997 and 2001 to ascertain the members' perceptions of group goals and accomplishments, membership benefits, the effect on the community, societal views about older adults, and the impact of group activities on the individual. The results clearly indicated that collective efficacy and empowerment through social engagement were beneficial to members as individuals and as a group, and contributed to well-being through a general sense of accomplishment and pride. 相似文献
132.
Carol H. Meyer DSW 《Clinical Social Work Journal》1977,5(4):289-292
133.
This paper presents a brief review of a relational approach to clinical supervision and argues for its application in social work settings. Although an integral and essential part of practice, clinical supervision is underrepresented in the practice literature. Given this paucity of writings on supervision, the recent book by Mary Gail Frawley-O'Dea and Joan Sarnat, The Supervisory Relationship: A Contemporary Psychodynamic Approach, stands out as a seminal contribution because the authors present a fully developed relational model of supervision that fills a major gap in the development of contemporary relational theory and practice. We selectively review the basic concepts and principles of Frawley-O'Dea and Sarnat's model and apply this supervisory approach to current social work practice. Our focus will be on exploring three controversial and much-debated topics: self-disclosure, regression, and the teach or treat dilemma. Case vignettes from two supervisory experiences will serve to illustrate how a relational approach enhances both the treatment and the supervisory relationship. 相似文献
134.
Carol J. Auster 《Qualitative sociology》1985,8(4):359-367
Although using content analysis to examine texts and other artifacts as indicators of societal expectations is not a new idea, youth organization handbooks have been largely overlooked as a rich and innovative source of data. Using examples from Girl Scout handbooks, this article shows how content analysis of these manuals of socialization can yield insights concerning societal expectations for family, career, gender roles, sexual behavior, social stratification, and other aspects of life of interest to sociologists.I gratefully acknowledge Meredith Gould for her special contributions and helpful comments on this paper. I also thank the staff of the Girl Scouts of America headquarters in New York City and the staff of the Penn Laurel Girl Scout Council in Lancaster, Pennsylvania for the use of their archives. 相似文献
135.
Carol P. Kaplan D.S.W. 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》1988,5(4):281-299
This paper derives from a study of 15 biological children of foster parents, ages 6–12. While foster children have quite properly been the subject of much investigation, practically no research has explored the reactions of the foster parents' own children to the fostering experience. Findings of the study and examples from interviews will be cited which point to the possibility that these children exhibit, among other things, separation anxiety and superego conflicts related to fostering. Certain differences between the reactions of the younger (ages 6–8) and the older (ages 9–12) children will be highlighted.Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Social Welfare degree at New York University School of Social Work, 1985. The author wishes to thank Dr. George Frank, Emily Shachter and Dr. Irving Steingart for their valuable suggestions. 相似文献
136.
Patricia A. Alder Peter Adler Constance R. Ahrons Morton S. Perlmutter William G. Staples Carol A. B. Warren 《The American Sociologist》1989,20(3):207-226
This article introduces and defines the concept of conjoint-career couples, marital partners that work in the same field or
profession. Drawing on the narratives of three couples with structurally varied experiences (older man/younger woman, older
woman/younger man, peers), we describe and analyze some of the problems and issues confronting a growing number of academics
in the current labor pool. We conclude by discussing some of the overarching patterns common to this situation and the advantages
and disadvantages associated with it. Finally, we propose a variety of social policies which academic institutions may want
to consider to help meet the challenge of these changing market demographics.
Currently she is writing and teaching in the areas of deviance, social theory, and the sociology of children. She is the author
ofWheeling and Dealing (Columbia University Press, 1985) and coeditor (with Peter Adler) ofThe Social Dynamics of Financial Markets (JAI Press, 1984).
He is the author ofMomentum (Sage, 1981),Membership Roles in Field Research (co-authored with Patricia A. Adler, Sage, 1987), and the editor, along with Patricia A. Adler, ofJournal of Contemporary Ethnography andSociological Studies of Child Development.
Her special interests are divorce and remarriage and she is the author (with R.H. Rodgers) ofDivorced Families (W.W. Norton, 1987).
His areas of interest are family dynamics with a focus on myth and ritual formation in families.
His interests are in social control and political economy. He is the author ofCastles of Our Conscience: Social Control and the American State, 1800–1985, Polity Press, forthcoming.
She is the author of books and articles on deviance and social control, qualitative methods, and gender, includingGender Issues in Field Research (Sage, 1988),Madwives: Schizophrenic Women in the 1950s (Rutgers University Press, 1987),The Court of Last Resort: Mental Illness and the Law (University of Chicago Press, 1982). 相似文献
137.
This paper examines the effect of the political power of public sector unions on the composition of public sector compensation.
Public employee unions provide a relatively low-cost vehicle for organizing workers’ political activity in support of the
rent-seeking behavior of local politicians. The unions also provide a conduit for employees to capture part of these rents
as payment for political services. Since the public has little interest in paying for the political activities of public workers,
these payments are most likely to be made through fringe benefits so as to minimize public scrutiny.
The authors would like to thank an anonymous referee for helpful suggestions. Any errors remain those of the authors. 相似文献
138.
Morris L. Eaton Sandra Fortini Eugenio Regazzini 《Statistical Methods and Applications》1993,2(1):1-16
Summary The present paper includes characterizations of the conditions of spherical symmetry and of centered spherical symmetry. These
characterizations provide an empirical justification for the above mentioned conditions of symmetry. 相似文献
139.
Arvid Kappas Ursula Hess Carol L. Barr Robert E. Kleck 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》1994,18(4):263-280
Two studies were conducted using video records of real faces and three-dimensional schematic faces to investigate the perceptual distortions introduced by viewing faces at a vertical angle and their influence on the attribution of emotional expressions and attitudes. The results indicate that faces seen from below were perceived as morepositive and lessnegative, while faces seen from above appeared morenegative and lesspositive. This effect seems to be moderated by interindividual differences in facial morphology, and perhaps by differences in dynamic aspects of expressions. The second study investigated the respective contribution of the upper half and the lower half of the face to the perceptual distortion found. In general, judges based their attributions of emotional state more on cues from the upper half of the face. 相似文献
140.