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951.
Sidartha Gordon 《Social Choice and Welfare》2007,29(1):125-147
We study the implications of two solidarity conditions on the efficient location of a public good on a cycle, when agents
have single-peaked, symmetric preferences. Both conditions require that when circumstances change, the agents not responsible
for the change should all be affected in the same direction: either they all gain or they all loose. The first condition,
population-monotonicity, applies to arrival or departure of one agent. The second, replacement-domination, applies to changes in the preferences of one agent. Unfortunately, no Pareto-efficient solution satisfies any of these properties.
However, if agents’ preferred points are restricted to the vertices of a small regular polygon inscribed in the circle, solutions
exist. We characterize them as a class of efficient priority rules. 相似文献
952.
This paper provides an analysis of the Minimal Overlap Rule, a solution for bankruptcy problems introduced by O’Neill (1982). We point out that this rule can be understood as a composition
of Ibn Ezra’s proposal and the recommendation given by the Constrained Equal Loss Rule. Following an interpretation of bankruptcy problems in terms of TU games, we show that the Minimal Overlap Value is the unique solution for bankruptcy games which satisfies Anonymity and Core Transition Responsiveness. 相似文献
953.
954.
Hans-Georg Soeffner 《Soziologie》2007,36(4):396-398
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
955.
956.
Joan Letendre 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2007,24(4):353-368
Aggression in girls is a problem that is gaining increased attention. The indirect forms of relational aggression historically
used by girls to harm their victims are increasingly escalating into physical altercations. An understanding of the interplay
between the developmental and contextual factors that contribute to learned aggression in girls is needed to inform program
development that truly responds to the unique gender socialization of girls. This article examines parental, environmental,
and peer factors for their contributions to the development of girls’ aggression. Implications for program development that
teaches girls and their families alternative ways of expressing their needs and protecting themselves from harm is discussed. 相似文献
957.
Lynn Roy LaMotte 《Statistical Papers》2007,48(2):321-327
The original derivation of the widely cited form of the REML likelihood function for mixed linear models is difficult and
indirect. This paper derives it directly using familiar operations with matrices and determinants. 相似文献
958.
In this paper, we introduce a multivariate generalization of the population version of Gini's rank association coefficient,
giving a response to this open question posed in [4]. We also study some properties of this version, present the corresponding
results for the sample statistic, and provide several examples. 相似文献
959.
Galina Besstremyannaya 《Transition Studies Review》2007,14(2):331-338
The paper uses the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey 2003 database to study the types of official and shadow out-of-pocket
health care expenditures by consumers with high and low health status. The analysis shows that the inability of less healthy
people to pay unofficially for more effective outpatient care results in their higher demand for official inpatient and outpatient
treatment. This pattern creates the need to sustain excessive inpatient facilities and slows down health care restructuring.
Yet, since the state is incapable of fulfilling its obligations for providing free health care and meet the current demand,
in inpatient institutions all consumers, and less healthy ones in particular, spend considerable sums on drugs, even though
the latter are guaranteed to be free. Consequently, the current Russian health system itself leads to replacing outpatient
with inpatient care, which is more costly both for the patients and for the state.
相似文献
960.
Martin Eiliv Sandbu 《Social Choice and Welfare》2008,31(4):589-619
Much work in social choice theory takes individual preferences as uninvestigated inputs into aggregation functions designed
to reflect considerations of fairness. Advances in experimental and behavioural economics show that fairness can also be an
important motivation in the preferences of individuals themselves. A proper characterisation of how fairness concerns enter
such preferences can enrich the informational basis of many social choice exercises. This paper proposes axiomatic foundations
for individual fairness-motivated preferences that cover most of the models developed to rationalise observed behaviour in
experiments. These models fall into two classes: Outcome-based models, which see preferences as defined only over distributive
outcomes, and context-dependent models, which allow rankings over distributive outcomes to change systematically with non-outcome
factors. I accommodate outcome-based and context-sensitive fairness concerns by modelling fairness-motivated preferences as
a reference-dependent preference structure. I first present a set of axioms and two theorems that generate commonly used outcome-based models as special cases. I then
generalise the axiomatic basis to allow for reference-dependence, and derive a simple functional form in which the weight
on each person’s payoff depends on a reference vector of how much each person deserves. 相似文献