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101.
Jacqueline Hagan Joshua Wassink Brianna Castro 《Journal of ethnic and migration studies》2019,45(1):170-189
The rise in U.S. deportations has resulted in a growing number of studies focused on the reintegration experiences of these migrants in their home communities. Based on interviews with deportees shortly after their arrival home, these studies paint a picture of economic gloom, finding that deportees are too frequently stigmatised by governments and employers and consequently unemployed or working on the margins of their home economies. In contrast, our longitudinal and comparative study, which draws on the findings of 93 deported and voluntary migrants in Leon, Mexico, finds convergence in the labour market trajectories and social mobility outcomes of deportees and non-deportees, which reduces initial labour market disparities over time. We found that deportation can stymie migrants’ initial labour market re-entry, often relegating former migrants to undesirable jobs in the informal labour market, while they re-familiarise themselves with their local labour markets and identify promising opportunities. Yet, in the long run, successful reintegration depends primarily on the acquisition and mobilisation of human and financial capital across the migratory circuit. 相似文献
102.
Alterations made in the architectural design can be considered as a continuous process, from its conception to the moment a built environment is already in use. This article focuses on the "moving phase", which is the initial moment of the environment occupation and the start-up of services. It aims to show that the continuity of ergonomics interventions during the "moving phase" or start up may reveal the built environment inadequacies; clearly showing needs not met by the design and allowing making instant decisions to solve non-foreseen problems. The results have revealed some lessons experienced by users during a critical stage not usually included in the design process. 相似文献
103.
Cristina?M.?MonteiroEmail author Cristina?S.?C.?Calheiros Jo?o?P.?Martins Francisco?M.?Costa Paulo?Palha Sara?de?Freitas Nuno?M.?M.?Ramos Paula?M.?L.?Castro 《Urban Ecosystems》2017,20(6):1347-1357
Green roofs have been described as technical solutions to overcome urban environmental problems, such as decrease of vegetation and stormwater management. In the present study, two pilot 20 m2 extensive green roofs were implemented in an urban Mediterranean region, at a 1st storey on a warehouse building structure, in order to test the adequacy of different substrates for supporting aromatic plants (Lavandula dentata, Helichrysum italicum, Satureja montana, Thymus caespititius and Thymus pseudolanuginosus). Experimental substrates included expanded clay and granulated cork as main components, supplemented with organic matter and crushed egg shell. A commercial substrate that obeys to FLL guidelines was also tested. Plant growth was assessed and compared within each platform. All experimental substrates proved to be adequate for vegetation growth, with the combination of 70% expanded clay, 15% organic matter and 15% crushed egg shell showing the best results regarding plant establishment and growth over time. Water runoff quality parameters - turbidity, pH, conductivity, NH4 +, NO3 ?, PO4 3? - met standard values required for water reuse for non-potable purposes, such as toilet flushing or irrigation. Preliminary qualitative thermographic measurements comparing surface temperature of different plant species and the substrate showed that temperature of vegetation surface was lower than substrate, reinforcing green roofs benefits of lowering air temperature in their surroundings. The present research shows that aromatic vegetation combined with clay substrates are suitable for green roofs located in countries of the Mediterranean region. 相似文献
104.
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior - Despite the wide range of theoretical explanations for human laughter, it is generally agreed to function, at least in part, as a social signal. We tested the... 相似文献
105.
Some solutions to the multivariate Behrens–Fisher problem for dissimilarity‐based analyses
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Marti J. Anderson Daniel C. I. Walsh K. Robert Clarke Ray N. Gorley Edlin Guerra‐Castro 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》2017,59(1):57-79
The essence of the generalised multivariate Behrens–Fisher problem (BFP) is how to test the null hypothesis of equality of mean vectors for two or more populations when their dispersion matrices differ. Solutions to the BFP usually assume variables are multivariate normal and do not handle high‐dimensional data. In ecology, species' count data are often high‐dimensional, non‐normal and heterogeneous. Also, interest lies in analysing compositional dissimilarities among whole communities in non‐Euclidean (semi‐metric or non‐metric) multivariate space. Hence, dissimilarity‐based tests by permutation (e.g., PERMANOVA, ANOSIM) are used to detect differences among groups of multivariate samples. Such tests are not robust, however, to heterogeneity of dispersions in the space of the chosen dissimilarity measure, most conspicuously for unbalanced designs. Here, we propose a modification to the PERMANOVA test statistic, coupled with either permutation or bootstrap resampling methods, as a solution to the BFP for dissimilarity‐based tests. Empirical simulations demonstrate that the type I error remains close to nominal significance levels under classical scenarios known to cause problems for the un‐modified test. Furthermore, the permutation approach is found to be more powerful than the (more conservative) bootstrap for detecting changes in community structure for real ecological datasets. The utility of the approach is shown through analysis of 809 species of benthic soft‐sediment invertebrates from 101 sites in five areas spanning 1960 km along the Norwegian continental shelf, based on the Jaccard dissimilarity measure. 相似文献
106.
107.
María Lameiras Fernández Yolanda Rodríguez Castro María Calado Otero Marika L. Foltz María Victoria Carrera Fernández 《Social indicators research》2007,80(3):583-599
In this study we analyze the link between Instrumental/Expressive traits and sexist attitudes. The sample is made up of 496
male and female Spanish university professors (230 women and 266 men). In addition to collecting sociodemographic information
from the participants, the following scales were administered: the Personal Attributes Questionnaire by Spence and Helmreich
(PAQ, 1978); the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory [ASI, Glick and Fiske: 1996, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70,
pp. 491–512]; and the Neosexism Scale [Tougas et al.: 1995, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(8), pp. 842–849].
The data reveal that while the participants in our study subscribe less to sexist attitudes than the general population, the
men continue to hold more hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes than do the women in our study. Surprisingly, however, we
find that both female and male professors are less favorable toward affirmative action aimed at increasing women’s presence
in the public sphere than the general population. As expected, women and men are equally instrumental, although women continue
to show a greater number of expressive traits than men. Conversely, men score higher on instrumentality/expressiveness, which
correlates positively with instrumentality and negatively with expressiveness. We also find some significant differences in
levels of instrumentality and expressiveness when comparing the male and female professors and taking field of study into
account. Lastly, we find negative correlations between expressiveness and Hostile Sexism (HS) and between masculinity and
HS among women, and between expressiveness and Benevolent Sexism (BS) among men. To conclude, we offer some insight into the
potential implications of these results. 相似文献
108.
AbstractThe generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution is known as the limiting result for the modeling of maxima blocks of size n, which is used in the modeling of extreme events. However, it is possible for the data to present an excessive number of zeros when dealing with extreme data, making it difficult to analyze and estimate these events by using the usual GEV distribution. The Zero-Inflated Distribution (ZID) is widely known in literature for modeling data with inflated zeros, where the inflator parameter w is inserted. The present work aims to create a new approach to analyze zero-inflated extreme values, that will be applied in data of monthly maximum precipitation, that can occur during months where there was no precipitation, being these computed as zero. An inference was made on the Bayesian paradigm, and the parameter estimation was made by numerical approximations of the posterior distribution using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Time series of some cities in the northeastern region of Brazil were analyzed, some of them with predominance of non-rainy months. The results of these applications showed the need to use this approach to obtain more accurate and with better adjustment measures results when compared to the standard distribution of extreme value analysis. 相似文献
109.
The present study extended the demands-control-support model used in occupational stress research in two ways. First, it hypothesized that role clarity (i.e. role ambiguity), like control, would moderate the relationship between demands and psychological strain. Second, the study assessed support (from leaders) as a macro characteristic of the work-group environment. Data were drawn from a large study of US army soldiers, the study sample consisting of 1786 lower enlisted male soldiers. The inclusion of support as a work-group characteristic lead to a multilevel test of the model. A three-way multilevel interaction among work demands, role clarity and support was observed. As predicted, the relationship between demands and psychological strain was moderated by role clarity; however, this moderating relationship was found only when work-group support was high. 相似文献
110.