全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1662篇 |
免费 | 42篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 263篇 |
民族学 | 9篇 |
人才学 | 2篇 |
人口学 | 143篇 |
丛书文集 | 13篇 |
理论方法论 | 159篇 |
综合类 | 20篇 |
社会学 | 935篇 |
统计学 | 160篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 29篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 48篇 |
2016年 | 31篇 |
2015年 | 25篇 |
2014年 | 41篇 |
2013年 | 262篇 |
2012年 | 43篇 |
2011年 | 49篇 |
2010年 | 45篇 |
2009年 | 37篇 |
2008年 | 61篇 |
2007年 | 45篇 |
2006年 | 44篇 |
2005年 | 45篇 |
2004年 | 56篇 |
2003年 | 40篇 |
2002年 | 57篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 40篇 |
1998年 | 28篇 |
1997年 | 23篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 29篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 26篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 24篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 14篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 16篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1970年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有1704条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
In light of the Armitage-Doll multistage carcinogenesis theory, this paper examines the assumption that an additive relative risk relationship is indicative of two carcinogens that affect the same stage in the cancer process. We present formulas to compute excess cancer risks for a variety of patterns for limited exposure durations to two carcinogens that affect the first and penultimate stages; and using an index of synergy proposed by Thomas (1982), we find a number of these patterns to produce additive, or nearly additive, relative risk relationships. The consistent feature of these patterns is that the two exposure periods are of short duration and occur close together. 相似文献
102.
Outsourcing and union power 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Charles R. Perry 《Journal of Labor Research》1997,18(4):521-534
The outsourcing of union work and jobs either diffuses or diminishes union membership, depending on perspective and situation.
The correlation of trends in union membership to trends in union power, while less than perfect, has until recently been relatively
strong over the past sixteen years. The fact that as diverse a sample of unions as AFSCME, SEIU, and UAW have chosen to make
outsourcing a prominent labor/public relations issue suggests that the correlation continues to be perceived by the union
movement to be significant, notwithstanding the efforts of the “new” leadership of the AFL-CIO to break that link with respect
to union political power by “taxing” member unions and their members to contribute both money and militancy to the 1996 election
cycle.
Although outsourcing may lead only to the diffusion of union membership either within or between unions, as opposed to the
diminution of union membership, this fact has not received a great deal of attention. The net effect on total union membership
of outsourcing from one union employer to another union employer is unclear, although the effect on the membership of the
union at the outsourcing employer is not. The redistribution of membership within a union as a result of outsourcing is likely
to have little immediate impact on union power. However, as even the best case scenario presented above suggests, it may have
significant long-run deleterious effects on union bargaining power by taking labor out of a sheltered market and putting it
into potentially competitive market. This is particularly likely to be the case when outsourcing (1) places the outsourced
work into a different industry or wage contour and (2) creates the possibility of moving from sole-source to multiplesource
supplier arrangements.
The redistribution of membership between unions as a result of outsourcing is unlikely to have a major impact on union power
broadly defined. It can have, however, serious deleterious effects in terms of the power of an individual union, as suggested
in my “competitive case” scenario. The fact that one union’s losses due to outsourcing may be another union’s gain is of little
consolation to the losing union. That act, in and of itself, may make the threat of outsourcing a potential union “Achilles
heel” at the bargaining table by placing it into competition with some other, perhaps unknown, union as well as possibly nonunion
competition.
The most obvious threat to union power comes from outsourcing that diminishes union membership overall by transferring jobs
from union to nonunion employers. The willingness and ability of employers to move work/jobs entirely out of the orbit of
union control constitutes, in terms of power and particularly union bargaining power, a revisitation of the phenomenon of
the “runaway shop.” It may also be viewed as a proactive form of hiring permanent replacements for (potentially) striking
workers. The union options in dealing with such a challenge are to endeavor to preclude outsourcing through legislation or
collective bargaining or to chase the work by organizing the unorganized, hopefully with the help of the unionized outsourcing
employer. Neither option may be easy, but as the 1996 auto industry negotiations suggest, the former may be less difficult
than the latter. The possibility that outsourcing from union to nonunion employer may provide unions with the power to organize
from the top (outsourcer) down (outsourcee) cannot be entirely ignored as the issue of supplier “neutrality” reportedly was
raised in the 1996 auto negotiations.
The adverse effects of outsourcing on union political and financial power, by virtue of its impact on the level or distribution
of union membership, can and may well be offset by an increase in union activism—as measured by dues levels, merger activity,
organizing commitment, and political action. The adverse effects of outsourcing on union bargaining power are more problematical
from the union standpoint. The effect of outsourcing, whatever its rationale or scenario, appears to be to put union labor
back into competition. Thus, outsourcing constitutes yet another challenge to the labor movement in its ongoing and seemingly
increasingly unsuccessful battle to take and keep U.S. union labor out of competition by proving itself able and willing to
organize to the extent of the market and standardizing wages in that market. 相似文献
103.
This article contends that one key to understanding different forms of work organization lies in the nature of the products being created. Product characteristics are proposed to be critical determinants of the type of human capital, either general or firm specific. Following from prior theory, labor market barriers develop based on type of human capital. These barriers then have a direct bearing on employee rewards. The nature of the product distinction is captured with a comparison of two product-types (goods and services) conceived as theoretically distinct. General skills are hypothesized to be more important in the service-producing sector, while firm-specific skills are hypothesized to be more important in the goods-producing sector. Empirical analyses using the 1991 General Social Survey compare workers in the service-producing and goods-producing sectors to illustrate differences in the salience of firm-specific and general skills. Two hypotheses are supported. Firm-specific skills have a stronger effect on earnings in manufacturing industries than in service industries. Also, skills acquired from on-the-job training, when compared with other skills, are more weakly related to service employee rewards. These distinctions between sectors suggest insights into structures unique to the service employment workplace. 相似文献
104.
Charles B. Perrow 《Sociological inquiry》2008,78(2):162-173
105.
This study examined the impact of information subsidies on media coverage during a crisis. Using the July 2006 Israel–Lebanon conflict as a backdrop, this research reviewed access that U.S. military public affairs officers provided the media and analyzed subsequent coverage for the presence of the military's message. Coverage was more neutral to positive than negative. Items containing organizational messages were more positive; those quoting practitioner-facilitated sources introduced organizational messages into coverage and generated more positive coverage. Access to information subsidies had a positive impact on coverage and aided in the successful transfer of attribute salience from practitioners to the media. 相似文献
106.
Charles B. Hennon Allen Jones Maria Roth Livia Popescu 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》1998,19(3):235-253
It is argued that family business enterprises can be an adaptive response to the transformations that recently have characterized Eastern and Central Europe. Family-centered initiatives are important for sustainable socioeconomic development. In this article, a family-enterprise incubator scheme for the stimulation of family and socioeconomic development is discussed. This approach incorporates resources, services, and supports beyond those conventionally offered. 相似文献
107.
Empirical inference on treatment effects is a core objective of social science research. The conventional practice is to obtain point estimates of treatment effects using models that make strong and thereby controversial assumptions about treatment selection and outcomes. In this paper we obtain bounds under weak nonparametric assumptions and explore how the bounds vary with the assumptions imposed. This mode of analysis clarifies the source of common disagreements about the magnitudes and signs of treatment effects. We use a treatment question facing the juvenile justice system to showcase the value of the approach in empirical social science research. We compare the impacts on recidivism of the two main sentencing options available to judges: confinement in residential treatment facilities and diversion to nonresidential treatment. 相似文献
108.
The Basic Family Therapy Skills Project has yielded empirically derived skills important for beginning family therapists. This article reports the results of ratings from the 103-member panel of experts who practice and teach Structural Family Therapy. A total of 100 competencies of Structural Family Therapy were rated in terms of importance on a 5-point Likert scale by the panel. Panelists were also given alternative responses such as “appropriate as a generic skill,”“inappropriate for beginning therapists,” and “don't understand what this means.” Rationale for the approach and results are discussed in terms of the importance of empirically based competencies for the practice of Structural Family Therapy. 相似文献
109.
Over most of history, participants in trust networks such as clandestine religious sects and kinship groups have shielded them from rulers' intervention, rightly fearing dispossession or exploitation. Yet no substantial regime can survive without drawing on resources held by trust networks. In particular, democratic regimes cannot operate without substantial integration of trust networks into public politics. Rulers' application of various combinations among coercion, capital, and commitment in the course of bargaining with subordinate populations produces a variety of regimes. Contemporary democracies face a threat of de-democratization if major segments of the population withdraw their trust networks from public politics. 相似文献
110.
Police interviews with vulnerable people alleging sexual assault: Probing inconsistency and questioning conduct 下载免费PDF全文
Charles Antaki Emma Richardson Elizabeth Stokoe Sara Willott 《Journal of Sociolinguistics》2015,19(3):328-350
Reporting sexual assault to the authorities is fraught with difficulties, and these are compounded when the complainant is hindered by an intellectual disability (ID). In a study of 19 U.K. police interviews with complainants with ID alleging sexual assault and rape, we found that most interviewing officers on occasion pursued lines of questioning which not only probed inconsistencies (which is mandated by their guidelines), but implicitly questioned complainants’ conduct (which is not). We detail two main conversational practices which imply disbelief and disapproval of the complainants’ accounts and behaviour, and whose pragmatic entailments may pose problems for complainants with ID. Such practices probably emerge from interviewers’ foreshadowing of the challenges likely to be made in court by defence counsel. As a policy recommendation, we suggest providing early explanation for the motivation for such questioning, and avoiding certain question formats (especially how come you did X? and why didn't you do Y?). 相似文献