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51.
This paper presents the results of an experiment on negotiation, designed to measure the impact of (1) computerized training and (2) information on negotiators' performanceThe paper is structured as follows. First, we review the literature on negotiation training. Second, we develop a conceptual framework to link various forms of Negotiation Support Systems to joint and individual negotiation performance. Third, we present the negotiation paradigm — a bilateral monopoly — and the computerized training system we used. Regarding training, our results show an asymmetric impact on individual performance levels and, unexpectedly, a negative impact on negotiators' joint performance. In contrast, more information improves both individual and joint performance. Finally, we discuss these results, and outline further research questions. 相似文献
52.
Strategic philanthropy and its challenges in India: A multiple case study of grantmaking organizations 下载免费PDF全文
Grantmaking organizations in the United States play an increasingly important role in philanthropic giving toward international development issues. Champions of strategic philanthropy have encouraged grantmakers to set clear goals, use evidence‐based strategies, and monitor programs. This exploratory study delves into grantmaking in one of the largest emerging economies; India. Although India is a major recipient of private philanthropy, it continues to perform below average on various socio‐economic indicators. The impact of grantmaking has been unclear. We conducted in‐depth interviews with managers and leaders (n = 9) engaged in decision‐making within U.S. based grantmaking organizations, including nonprofit intermediaries and philanthropic foundations. We examine how the concept of strategic philanthropy is operationalized by participant organizations. Although the participants acknowledge the importance of starting out with a well‐defined strategy, they also face several challenges. We identify some of these challenges, outline how they are being addressed, and discuss implications. 相似文献
53.
Surya K. Pal Housila P. Singh Sunil Kumar Kiranmoy Chatterjee 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2018,88(5):920-934
In this paper an estimator of the finite population mean using auxiliary information in sample surveys has been proposed. The bias and mean squared error are obtained under large sample approximation. It has been shown that the proposed estimator performs better than some recently published estimators. 相似文献
54.
Circular specification regions can be seen in processes like hitting a target (in ballistics), drilling a hole (in manufacturing industries) and so on. However, only a few process capability indices are available in the literature to address the problem. Most of these indices, in turn, make some assumptions like equality of variance and independence of the two axes of the circular tolerance region. Since, in most of the cases, these assumptions are not practically viable, in the present article, we have proposed a few of the process capability indices which do not need the above assumptions to be valid. Also, we propose a superstructure which unifies all the proposed indices. Some properties of these indices have been studied including the threshold value and the relationship of the proportion of non-conformance with the member indices of the superstructure. These strengthen the practical utility of the superstructure. Distributional properties like expectations and variances of the member indices of the superstructure are also studied to have a better insight about the indices. A real life example has been discussed to carry out a comparative study of the performance of the existing as well as the newly developed indices. 相似文献
55.
56.
Several existing methods for the choice of the ridge parameter are reviewed, and a bootstrap method is proposed. The bootstrap provides independent measures of prediction errors based on multiple predictions along with an estimate of the standard error of prediction. The bootstrap and selected competitors are compared through Monte Carlo simulations for various degrees of design matrix collinearity and varying levels of signal-to-noise ratio. The procedure is also illustrated by application to two published data sets. In one case, the bootstrap choice of the ridge parameter leads to a smaller mean squared error of prediction than the ridge trace method. In the second case, an optimal choice of no perturbation is confirmed. Benefits of the bootstrap choice include its less subjective nature, ease of implementation, and robustness. 相似文献
57.
Camilo Dagum Samprit Chatterjee Berry Wilson Glenn Heller Poduri S. R. S. Rao 《商业与经济统计学杂志》2013,31(3):391-394
Aggregate forecasts using McFadden's conditional logit model of discrete choice harbor the unrealistic implicit assumption of a random-utility distribution that is homogeneous across both alternatives and individuals. This article relaxes that assumption. A choice model is developed that describes the random-utility component as a probability-mixture model. Some numerical results illustrate that the derived model is not constrained by the independence-of-irrelevant-alternatives property. An experimental test of visual perceptions demonstrates the potential superiority of the model. 相似文献
58.
Media Effects on Group Collaboration: An Empirical Examination in an Ethical Decision‐Making Context
Even though it is widely acknowledged that collaboration underlies much of the decision‐making efforts in contemporary organizations, and that organizational groups are increasingly making decisions that have ethical implications, few studies have examined group ethical decision‐making processes and outcomes. In addition, while there is increasing evidence that groups often collaborate/communicate using different mediating technologies, few studies have examined the effect of the characteristics of the media in group ethical decision‐making contexts. Finally, there is a clear paucity of studies that have investigated group decision making pertaining to information technology (IT)‐related ethical dilemmas, an area of rising importance for information systems (IS) and decision science researchers. This article seeks to address the gaps described above through an experimental study where groups collaborating either in a face‐to‐face context or in a computer‐mediated context (using NetMeeting or Wiki) were required to make a decision with respect to a scenario with an IT‐related ethical dilemma. Results indicate that media characteristics (e.g., anonymity, immediacy of feedback, parallelism) do not have an effect on whether groups make ethical (or unethical) decisions. However, several media characteristics were found to play a significant role on downstream variables, such as the quality of a follow‐up task (i.e., creation of a decision justification document), and overall process satisfaction of the group members. 相似文献
59.
Kalyan Chatterjee Hamid Sabourian 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2000,68(6):1491-1509
We investigate the effect of introducing costs of complexity in the n‐person unanimity bargaining game. As is well‐known, in this game every individually rational allocation is sustainable as a Nash equilibrium (also as a subgame perfect equilibrium if players are sufficiently patient and if n & 2). Moreover, delays in agreement are also possible in such equilibria. By limiting ourselves to a plausible notion of complexity that captures length of memory, we find that the introduction of complexity costs (lexicographically with the standard payoffs) does not reduce the range of possible allocations but does limit the amount of delay that can occur in any agreement. In particular, we show that in any n‐player game, for any allocation z, an agreement on z at any period t can be sustained as a Nash equilibrium of the game with complexity costs if and only if t≤n. We use the limit on delay result to establish that, in equilibrium, the strategies implement stationary behavior. Finally, we also show that ‘noisy Nash equilibrium’ with complexity costs sustains only the unique stationary subgame perfect equilibrium allocation. 相似文献
60.
Martinez JG Carroll RJ Müller S Sampson JN Chatterjee N 《The American statistician》2011,65(4):223-228
When employing model selection methods with oracle properties such as the smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) and the Adaptive Lasso, it is typical to estimate the smoothing parameter by m-fold cross-validation, for example, m = 10. In problems where the true regression function is sparse and the signals large, such cross-validation typically works well. However, in regression modeling of genomic studies involving Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP), the true regression functions, while thought to be sparse, do not have large signals. We demonstrate empirically that in such problems, the number of selected variables using SCAD and the Adaptive Lasso, with 10-fold cross-validation, is a random variable that has considerable and surprising variation. Similar remarks apply to non-oracle methods such as the Lasso. Our study strongly questions the suitability of performing only a single run of m-fold cross-validation with any oracle method, and not just the SCAD and Adaptive Lasso. 相似文献