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51.
Yaling Yin Christine E. Soteros Miķelis G. Bickis 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2009
Traditional multiple hypothesis testing procedures fix an error rate and determine the corresponding rejection region. In 2002 Storey proposed a fixed rejection region procedure and showed numerically that it can gain more power than the fixed error rate procedure of Benjamini and Hochberg while controlling the same false discovery rate (FDR). In this paper it is proved that when the number of alternatives is small compared to the total number of hypotheses, Storey's method can be less powerful than that of Benjamini and Hochberg. Moreover, the two procedures are compared by setting them to produce the same FDR. The difference in power between Storey's procedure and that of Benjamini and Hochberg is near zero when the distance between the null and alternative distributions is large, but Benjamini and Hochberg's procedure becomes more powerful as the distance decreases. It is shown that modifying the Benjamini and Hochberg procedure to incorporate an estimate of the proportion of true null hypotheses as proposed by Black gives a procedure with superior power. 相似文献
52.
This paper discusses the advantages and challenges of using qualitative methods to elicit poor children’s perspectives about
threats and positive influences on their wellbeing. It draws on research carried out by the author on the subjective experiences
of poor children in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia in terms of their understandings of wellbeing, threats to their wellbeing,
coping strategies, and positive or resilient outcomes. After a brief introduction reviewing previous approaches to child poverty
in general and research on Ethiopian children in particular, the second section describes the research setting and the ethical
approach to the study, which influenced how consent was obtained and the data analysed. The paper then describes the use of
qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews, draw-and-tell, and diaries, the kinds of data they produced and the
methodological and ethical dilemmas and tensions encountered in using them. It concludes that despite the challenges qualitative
methods are invaluable in order to understand what poor children see as threats and positive influences on their wellbeing.
相似文献
Tekola BethlehemEmail: |
53.
Judith Christine Streak Derek Yu Servaas Van der Berg 《Social indicators research》2009,94(2):183-201
This paper offers evidence on the sensitivity of child poverty in South Africa to changes in the adult equivalence scale (AES)
and updates the child poverty profile based on the Income and Expenditure Survey 2005/06. Setting the poverty line at the
40th percentile of households calculated with different AESs the scope and composition of child poverty are found to be relatively
insensitive to the scale used. The rankings of children of different ages, girls versus boys, racial groupings and children
living in rural versus urban areas are unaffected by choice of AES, although some provincial rankings on the poverty headcount
measure are. The proportions of children and households ‘correctly’ identified as poor for the full range of scales is extremely high.
These findings support the argument that it may be appropriate for profiling poverty in South Africa to use a poverty line
based on a per capita welfare measure. For the construction of the child poverty profile, per capita income is used as the
welfare indicator with the poverty line set at the 40th percentile of household. The profile suggests that poverty amongst
children is more extensive than amongst the population or adults even after the massive injection of transfers into households
with poor children through the child support grant. The child poverty headcount, depth and severity are all highest amongst
children age 0–4 and lowest amongst those aged 15–17, who are not yet beneficiaries of the grants. They are also highest amongst
African and Coloured children. Large variations across provinces remain. The analysis underlines the importance of prioritising
children in the fight against poverty, particularly in their earliest years. 相似文献
54.
Whilst a small amount of research has been undertaken on peer violence in residential settings, very little is known about peer violence in foster care. This paper reviews the published research since 1995 about the nature and extent of peer violence in foster care and interventions for preventing and managing these negative peer interactions. The evidence indicates that young people in foster care can be the instigators and recipients of peer violence, but the limited number of studies found means that conclusions cannot be drawn about the extent of the problem. There is some evidence about the impact of this type of violence on young people and fostering households. However, there remain gaps in the evidence about the full extent of all forms of exploitation and violence that are experienced and instigated by young people in foster care, the circumstances in which it takes place, the young people affected and its co‐occurrence with other difficulties. Critically, young people's views were largely absent from included studies, an important area that requires further research. 相似文献
55.
As social movements relying on the weak ties found in social networks have spread around the world, researchers have taken several approaches to understanding how networks function in such instances as the Arab Spring. While social scientists have primarily relied on survey or content analysis methodology, network scientists have used social network analysis. This research combines content analysis with the automated techniques of network analysis to determine the roles played by those using Twitter to communicate during the Turkish Gezi Park uprising. Based on a network analysis of nearly 2.4 million tweets and a content analysis of a subset of 5126 of those tweets, we found that information sharing was by far the most common use of the tweets and retweets, while tweets that indicated leadership of the movement constituted a small percentage of the overall number of tweets. Using automated techniques, we experimented with coded variables from content analysis to compute the most discriminative tokens and to predict values for each variable using only textual information. We achieved 0.61 precision on identifying types of shared information. Our results on detecting the position of user in the protest and purpose of the tweets achieved 0.42 and 0.33 precision, respectively, illustrating the necessity of user cooperation and the shortcomings of automated techniques. Based on annotated values of user tweets, we computed similarities between users considering their information production and consumption. User similarities are used to compute clusters of individuals with similar behaviors, and we interpreted average activities for those groups. 相似文献
56.
E. C. M. Mason Sarah I. Springer Ashley Pugliese 《Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling》2017,11(4):301-318
ABSTRACTThis article posits that an integrative research partnership model can assist school counselors in addressing the marginalization of transgender students in schools through staff development. A methodological integration of action research and program evaluation through quantitative and qualitative data collection is explained, and a collaborative process is highlighted. A case example is provided to demonstrate the use of the design. 相似文献
57.
Christine Harvey Scott Rosen James Ramsey Christopher Saunders Samar K. Guharay 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2017,87(1):123-137
A significant challenge in fitting metamodels of large-scale simulations with sufficient accuracy is in the computational time required for rigorous statistical validation. This paper addresses the statistical computation issues associated with the Bootstrap and modified PRESS statistic, which yield key metrics for error measurements in metamodelling validation. Experimentation is performed on different programming languages, namely, MATLAB, R, and Python, and implemented on different computing architectures including traditional multicore personal computers and high-power clusters with parallel computing capabilities. This study yields insight into the effect that programming languages and computing architecture have on the computational time for simulation metamodel validation. The experimentation is performed across two scenarios with varying complexity. 相似文献
58.
Mandie Scamell Roa Altaweli Christine McCourt 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(1):e39-e45
Background
The expansion of the medicalisation of childbirth has been described in the literature as being a global phenomenon. The vignette described in this paper, selected from an ethnographic study of routine intervention in Saudi Arabian hospitals illustrates how the worldwide spread of the bio-medical model does not take place within a cultural vacuum.Aim
To illuminate the ways in which the medicalisation of birth may be understood and practised in different cultural settings, through a vignette of a specific birth, drawn as a typical case from an ethnographic study that investigated clinical decision-making in the second stage of labour in Saudi Arabia.Methods
Ethnographic data collection methods, including participant observation and interviews. The data presented in this paper are drawn from ethnographic field notes collected during field work in Saudi Arabia, and informed by analysis of a wider set of field notes and interviews with professionals working in this context.Findings
While the medicalisation of care is a universal phenomenon, the ways in which the care of women is managed using routine medical intervention are framed by the local cultural context in which these practices take place.Discussion
The ethnographic data presented in this paper shows the medicalisation of birth thesis to be incomplete. The evidence presented in this paper illustrates how local belief systems are not so much subsumed by the expansion of the bio-medical model of childbirth, rather they may actively facilitate a process of localised reinterpretation of such universalised and standardised practices. In this case, aspects of the social and cultural context of Jeddah operates to intensify the biomedical model at the expense of respectful maternity care.Conclusion
In this article, field note data on the birth of one Saudi Arabian woman is used as an illustration of how the medicalisation of childbirth has been appropriated and reinterpreted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 相似文献59.
Birgitta Larsson Annika Karlström Christine Rubertsson Elin Ternström Johanna Ekdahl Birgitta Segebladh Ingegerd Hildingsson 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(6):460-467
Background
Childbirth fear is the most common underlying reason for requesting a caesarean section without medical reason. The aim of this randomised controlled study was to investigate birth preferences in women undergoing treatment for childbirth fear, and to investigate birth experience and satisfaction with the allocated treatment.Methods
Pregnant women classified with childbirth fear (≥60 on the Fear Of Birth Scale) (n = 258) were recruited at one university hospital and two regional hospitals over one year. The participants were randomised (1:1) to intervention (Internet-based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (ICBT)) (n = 127) or standard care (face-to-face counselling) (n = 131). Data were collected by questionnaires in pregnancy week 20–25 (baseline), week 36 and two months after birth.Results
Caesarean section preference decreased from 34% to 12% in the ICBT group and from 24% to 20% in the counselling group. Two months after birth, the preference for caesarean increased to 20% in the ICBT group and to 29% in the counselling group, and there was no statistically significant change over time. Women in the ICBT group were less satisfied with the treatment (OR 4.5). The treatment had no impact on or worsened their childbirth fear (OR 5.5). There were no differences between the groups regarding birth experience.Conclusion
Women’s birth preferences fluctuated over the course of pregnancy and after birth regardless of treatment method. Women felt their fear was reduced and were more satisfied with face-to-face counselling compared to ICBT. A higher percentage were lost to follow-up in ICBT group suggesting a need for further research. 相似文献60.