Classroom sex composition and first-grade school outcomes: The role of classroom behavior

Using nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (N = 21,409; 10,452 girls and 10,957 boys; mean age = 7.24 years), the association between first-grade classroom sex composition (CSC), measured as the percentage of female students, and end of the year academic (reading, mathematics) and socio-emotional (externalizing problems, internalizing problems, self-control, interpersonal skills) outcomes was examined. Using multilevel modeling techniques and controlling for prior achievement levels, CSC was positively associated with children’s reading achievement at the end of first grade; students performed better in reading in classes with a higher percentage of female students. CSC was also associated with three of the socio-emotional outcomes; controlling for prior levels, students in classrooms with a higher percentage of girls had better self-control and interpersonal skills and fewer internalizing problems. Classroom behavior mediated the effects of CSC on reading achievement and the socio-emotional outcomes. Implications for the composition of first-grade classrooms are discussed.     

再论社会工作三元（教研习）教育模式--社会工作教师承办服务的利弊

当前社会工作服务在国家政策支持和社会现实需要下得到了迅猛的发展,而社会工作教师纷纷通过成立机构来承办各项政府购买服务,此现象是利是弊?社会工作教育者理论上要做到教学、科研和实习结合(为三元模式),但发展三元模式存在着资金、师资和验证成效等的困难。本文将就此探讨社工教师承办社工服务的现状,并通过应用珠海经验,探讨如何利用机遇,推进社工教育的三元结合模式。     

Production functions and population theory

The persistence of the population problem in many developing countries' especially in Asia, must mean that the relation between population trends and productivity has to be kept continually under review. In recent years the economists' interest in this relation has shifted away from the Keynesian stagnation analysis, with its emphasis on the influence of population trends on the level and composition of consumption and investment, to a reconsideration of their influence on production. It is a striking testimony to the influence of Malthus that his theory is still under active consideration and that it frequently serves as starting point, as it does for Professor Belshaw, for an analysis of the economics of population. Divorced from its particular context, in which value judgements particularly distasteful to many commentators abound, and reformulated in terms of modern production theory, it clarifies the main issues, by showing what facts are required and what logic demands in order to provide a useful answer to practical problems of policy. Readers of the first two chapters of Professor Buquet's book will find ample confirmation of the sterility of much of the debate regarding optimum populations which developed largely from differences of opinion about definitions of “good” and “bad” economic criteria for policy than from faults in logic. The debate continues and the posthumous career of Parson Malthus still occasions even personal abuse! It would be difficult, however, to accuse Professor Belshaw of taking sides in the Malthusian debate. He takes the Malthusian analysis for what it is worth, shows where it fits the facts and where it does not, provides convincing evidence of a Malthusian problem in Asia by a skilful round-up of well presented statistics, and then, instead of committing himself to a forecast of what is likely to happen in Asia, he illustrates through the modern theory of production what are the pre-conditions for a removal of the population problem. This is surely a sensible procedure and contrasts favourably with the sibylline utterances of a number of distinguished amateur social scientists.     

A class of integral operators generated by random variables

H. Kres Statistisehe Tafeln zur multlvariaten Analysis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin- Heidel-berg-New York 1975, XVIII, 431 S., 26 Tab., DM 48.

D. Rasch: Einführung in die mathematische Statistik - WahrscheinUcllkeitsrechnung und Grundlagen der mathematlsehan Statistlk. VEB Deutscher Verlag delr Wissenschaften, Berlin 1976, 371 S., 37 Abb., 46 'I'ab., 40,– M.

D. Rasch: Einführung in die muthematisehe Statlstik - II .Anweuduugen, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1976.

Donald L. Snyder: Random Point Processes. -JohnWiley &; Sons, New York 1975,485 S.     

新型“圆形监狱”——从福柯理论看网络空间的信息监控系统

科学技术极大地提高了生产力,解放了人类,促进了社会的进步和发展。科技的发展在给人类带来福音的同时也带来了一系列负面效应,这在作为当代科技成果集中体现的计算机网络空间中尤为突出。“圆形监狱”一说作为一种以空间来象征权力的理想范例和极致模板首先由边沁提出,而后福柯在《规训与惩罚》中进一步将其描述为全景敞视主义。不管从技术基础、监视模式、空间划分、权力等级等各个方面看,似乎与任何束缚、控制、权力、统治、规训无涉的新型社会空间——网络空间,却在本质上不啻另一种新型的全景敞视“圆形监狱”,实际上是处于一种无形却又无所不在的信息监控网络中,成为了当代资本主义社会的新型统治和渗透手段。因此,传统社会空间中那种明显的、赤裸裸的权力与控制并没有凭空消失,而是以更加全面隐蔽而富有迷惑性的方式渗入网络空间中。这表明,随着现代性的进程,本身作为一种人工产物的网络科技,有可能脱离人的控制而走向未知的自主发展,成为后现代资本社会的新型统治手段而具有负面效应。     

乙二醇机组的温度模糊控制器设计与仿真

针对我国通信行业和计算机行业大型机房耗电量大的现状，提出了一种乙二醇机组控制系统。介绍了它的工作原理，阐述了它的总体控制方案，并重点阐述了采用温度模糊PID控制器对室内温度进行调节。仿真和实验结果表明：采用温度模糊控制器的系统运行稳定、可靠性高、节能效果明显，具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于路径栅格的机场噪声等值线追踪算法

机场噪声等值线图在机场噪声控制、机场规划设计中起着重要的作用。针对机场噪声的特征及分布特点,提出了一种基于路径栅格的机场噪声等值线追踪算法,通过构造有效网格、建立具有顶点编码和的路径栅格,在等值线追踪过程中唯一确定下一个等值点,避免了传统的先开放后封闭的等值线追踪方式,能够快速生成等值线图。实验验证表明,该算法效率高,绘制的机场噪声等值线图效果好,没有等值线交叉现象。     

Testing for exponentiality against monotone failure rate average alternatives

We propose a test for exponentiality against the class of non-exponential distributions having monotone failure rate averages. The test statistic, which is a U-statistic and hence asymptotically normally distributed, is much simpler than its competitors yet compares favorably with them in efficiency and power comparisons.     

Predicting infectious disease outbreak risk via migratory waterfowl vectors

The spread of an emerging infectious disease is a major public health threat. Given the uncertainties associated with vector-borne diseases, in terms of vector dynamics and disease transmission, it is critical to develop statistical models that address how and when such an infectious disease could spread throughout a region such as the USA. This paper considers a spatio-temporal statistical model for how an infectious disease could be carried into the USA by migratory waterfowl vectors during their seasonal migration and, ultimately, the risk of transmission of such a disease to domestic fowl. Modeling spatio-temporal data of this type is inherently difficult given the uncertainty associated with observations, complexity of the dynamics, high dimensionality of the underlying process, and the presence of excessive zeros. In particular, the spatio-temporal dynamics of the waterfowl migration are developed by way of a two-tiered functional temporal and spatial dimension reduction procedure that captures spatial and seasonal trends, as well as regional dynamics. Furthermore, the model relates the migration to a population of poultry farms that are known to be susceptible to such diseases, and is one of the possible avenues toward transmission to domestic poultry and humans. The result is a predictive distribution of those counties containing poultry farms that are at the greatest risk of having the infectious disease infiltrate their flocks assuming that the migratory population was infected. The model naturally fits into the hierarchical Bayesian framework.