Der Fussballverein zwischen e.V. und Kapitalgesellschaft

The overcoming of the dilemma of members’ contribution and efficient goal attainment leads German soccer clubs to an organizational development process. Three patterns of overcoming this dilemma in clubs of the first German soccer league are discussed. After analyzing theoretical problems of clubs at the point of view of rational-choice-theory, we focus on the three patterns of overcoming the dilemma and illustrate each with a case study. For the case studies we choose three traditional soccer clubs from the Ruhr-area. The three patterns are: (1) The classical German club structure: In this case the control of the resource ‘provision of capital’ solves the dilemma ad hoc in favor of goal attainment. (2) The stock company structure without a joint investment structure: This pattern preserves the participation of the members only by representatives through the introduction of a supervisory board. (3) Limited liability company as the general partner of a public limited company (a typical German form of a joint stock company): In this pattern the soccer club is transformed into a company, which restricts the members’ participation possibilities to symbolic acts in favor of goal attainment. The organizational development process of the German soccer clubs leads in general to a democratic-flexible form of organization.     

Zieht es die besten fort?

The article tackles the question whether or not the emigration of German researchers and highly skilled professionals to the US has increased over the last decades. We analyze German emigration data, US and German (micro-) census data, and US immigration data in order to assess the scope and development of the phenomenon since the early 1990s. Results show that the emigration of highly skilled Germans to the US increased, especially since the mid-1990s. Besides, the rise in the skill level of the German born living in the US was more substantial than the according change in Germany. However, more detailed analyses show that these findings need to be qualified in two important regards. On the one hand, the absolute numbers of Germans moving to the US for work related purposes are small. On the other hand, the increase in the number of highly skilled Germans who settle in the US permanently is mostly a consequence of the substantial increase in the number of highly skilled temporary visitors from Germany. There is little evidence that the “risk” of these temporary visitors to become permanent resident aliens increased substantially over time.     

Waldemar Vogelgesang: „Meine Zukunft bin ich!“ Alltag und Lebensplanung Jugendlicher

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Stuck in a job: being “locked-in” or at risk of becoming locked-in at the workplace and well-being over time

In this study, being “locked-in” at the workplace is conceptualized as being in a non-preferred workplace while at the same time perceiving low employability. The aim of the study was to investigate how being locked-in or at risk of becoming locked-in (being in a non-preferred workplace yet currently satisfied, combined with perceiving low employability) relates to well-being (subjective health and depressive symptoms). The hypotheses were tested in a Swedish longitudinal sample (T1 in 2010 and T2 in 2012) of permanent employees (N?=?3491). The results showed that stability with regard to locked-in-related status (being non-locked-in, at risk of becoming locked-in, or locked-in at both T1 and T2) was related to significant and stable differences in well-being. The non-locked-in status was associated with better well-being than being at risk of becoming locked-in. Moreover, those at risk of becoming locked-in showed better well-being than those with stable locked-in status. Changes towards non-locked-in were accompanied by significant improvements in well-being, and changes towards locked-in were associated with impairments in well-being. The relationships that were found could not be attributed to differences in demographic variables and occupational preference. The findings indicate that being locked-in is detrimental to well-being. This has implications for preventative interventions.     

Estimation of Fibre Length Distributions from Fibre Endpoints

Estimating the fibre length distribution in composite materials is of practical relevance in materials science. We propose an estimator for the fibre length distribution using the point process of fibre endpoints as input. Assuming that this point process is a realization of a Neyman–Scott process, we use results for the reduced second moment measure to derive a consistent and unbiased estimator for the fibre length distribution. We introduce various versions of the estimator taking anisotropy or errors in the observation into account. The estimator is evaluated using a heuristic for its mean squared error as well as a simulation study. Finally, the estimator is applied to the fibre endpoint process extracted from a tomographic image of a glass fibre composite.     

A nonparametric test for similarity of marginals—With applications to the assessment of population bioequivalence

In this paper we suggest a completely nonparametric test for the assessment of similar marginals of a multivariate distribution function. This test is based on the asymptotic normality of Mallows distance between marginals. It is also shown that the n out of n bootstrap is weakly consistent, thus providing a theoretical justification to the work in Czado, C. and Munk, A. [2001. Bootstrap methods for the nonparametric assessment of population bioequivalence and similarity of distributions. J. Statist. Comput. Simulation 68, 243–280]. The test is extended to cross-over trials and is applied to the problem of population bioequivalence, where two formulations of a drug are shown to be similar up to a tolerable limit. This approach was investigated in small samples using bootstrap techniques in Czado, C., Munk, A. [2001. Bootstrap methods for the nonparametric assessment of population bioequivalence and similarity of distributions. J. Statist. Comput. Simulation 68, 243–280], showing that the bias corrected and accelerated bootstrap yields a very accurate and powerful finite sample correction. A data example is discussed.     

Nutzenpotenziale und Effekte betrieblicher Gesundheitsförderung

Research regarding workplace health promotion (WHP) frequently neglects the employees’ perspective. Due to that, assumptions regarding the effects of WHP for employees are typically based on experts’ opinions but not statements from the workforce. The present paper therefore exploratively investigates the effects of WHP as perceived by the staff. The results of problem-centred interviews with 19 employees in three organizations, and the four people there responsible for WHP show that potential effects of WHP from the employees’ perspective can be grouped in five areas: (1) prevention is facilitated, (2) cognitive and affective changes are possible, (3) physical effects are observed, (4) emotional effects can arise, and (5) WHP can lead to social effects. As WHP’s potential positive effects can be hindered in case the employees’ perspective is not sufficiently taken into account, the individuals’ expectations and aims should become more central in WHP design and research.     

Unfinished Business: Disentangling Sex,Gender, and Sexuality in Sociological Research on Gender Stratification

Focusing on two major strands of research on gender stratification, labor market inequality and health disparities, we argue that cisnormativity and heteronormativity obscure the rich variation in how people experience their own sense of gender and sexuality, as well as how others perceive them. Although researchers’ reliance on static notions of gender and sexuality is starting to shift, there is room for improvement, especially in the area of gender inequality. To highlight the advancements in researchers’ thinking, we spotlight exemplary work that incorporates gender expansive realities using empirically and/or theoretically grounded approaches. We conclude by outlining best practices to measure gender identity, sexual identity, gender expression, gender conformity, and other facets of gender and sexuality.     

Lean and green supply chain management through intermodal transport: insights from the fast moving consumer goods industry

Combining efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability is crucial for companies to succeed in today’s context of fierce competition. This paper investigates how intermodal transport can be adopted for managing supply chains according to a Lean and Green approach. A scenario-based estimation tool was developed to quantify the potential demand for intermodal transport. The tool was applied to the Italian Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) supply chain. Following, a single longitudinal case study on an FMCG company (Procter & Gamble) was carried out to investigate the enabling factors for the adoption of intermodal transport. Our results show that it is possible to shift demand from road to rail: a number of pathways for action were identified that related to planning and management, assets, train services, collaboration, legal issues and incentive schemes. Also, a collaborative business model for making the modal shift possible was presented. This paper is original because it offers an investigation of Lean and Green Supply Chain Management through intermodal transport by adopting a supply chain perspective and providing a bridging link between academic studies and field evidence.