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21.
We examine the labor-cost savings associated with privatization by comparing earnings and employment trends of public and
private sector refuse workers. Findings suggest that high union earnings for workers in the public sector are a source of
labor-cost savings in the refuse industry. Evidence on job changers does not indicate that earnings for this group of workers
are a compensating differential. Metropolitan area employment findings suggest that municipalities are less likely to use
union refuse workers in the public sector when a relatively small percentage of area residents belong to a union.
The authors thank Jacqueline Agesa, Keith Bender, Maria Crawford, and Richard Perlman for valuable suggestions. Research assistance
from Eric Blackburn is greatly appreciated. 相似文献
22.
23.
Many recent institutional reforms of the financial system have relied on the introduction of an explicit scheme of deposit insurance. This instrument aims at two main targets, contributing to systemic stability and protecting depositors. However, it may also affect the interest rate spread in the banking system, which can be viewed as an indicator of either inefficiency or market power in this financial segment. This paper provides an empirical investigation of the effect of deposit insurance and other institutional and economic variables on bank interest rates across countries. We find that deposit insurance increases the lending–deposit spread in banking. The main effect seems to arise not from the deposit side though, but from an increase in the lending rate. We interpret this result as evidence of the presence of moral hazard problems related to this instrument. We also find that higher quality of institutions is associated with lower spreads, thus contributing to eroding sources of market power in the banking sector. 相似文献
24.
研究了铝基化学镀镍的工艺过程,详细介绍了化学镀镍前的处理过程,其中包括除油,浸蚀,清洗和没锌过程。研究了各因素对化学镀镍镀速的影响因素,并得出最佳配方及工艺条件。在最佳条件下,化学镀镍镀速高,镀层着附力优异,可焊性优良。 相似文献
25.
Daniel Thomas Cook 《The Sociological quarterly》1995,36(3):505-522
The historical context of the emergence of the "mother as consumer" is the subject of this article. The newly formed children's clothing industry and its trade press (1917-1929) serve as entry points into this investigation. The focus is on examining several nodes of intersection among the domestic sphere of mothers and children, the involvement of mothers in child welfare efforts, and the strategies of some in the merchant class to capture the "mother trade" by exhorting consumption on behalf of children. An ideology of maternal consumption served to adjudicate the integration of the sacred sphere of mothers and children with the profane world of the marketplace by recasting motherhood as consumer practice. 相似文献
26.
Daniel Neyland 《The Sociological review》2006,54(2):363-381
Mobility is a frequently recurring theme in recent debates around the emergence of new technologies. However, with this increasing attention paid to mobility, how does ‘immobility’ become notable as an absence of mobility? How are such perceptions of immobility used to occasion assessments of motive, intent and moral standing? This paper features a sociological interrogation of examples of immobility made notable through expectations of mobility. It utilises a study of CCTV as its principle example of the constitution and assessment of mobility and immobility. The paper explores theoretical strategies available for interrogating these issues. It concludes through an engagement with the boundaries constituted around mobility and immobility. The ways in which forms of assessment operate through, and further maintain, these boundaries are considered. 相似文献
27.
建立了液相色谱/串联质谱法测定鳗鱼中恩诺沙星,环丙沙星,诺氟沙星,氧氟沙星的方法。对分离和检测这四种兽药残留的液相色谱条件、质谱条件、样品前处理方法等作了详细的研究。用乙腈萃取样品中的残留物,在氮气保护下将萃取液浓缩干,加流动相1.0mL溶解残渣,正己烷液液萃取,弃上层液,下层溶液用作液相色谱分析荧光检测或质谱检测。在鳗鱼样品中添加四种残留物,添加浓度分别为0.01,0.050和0.100mg/kg,平均回收率(n=6)在70 ̄84.3%之间,相对标准偏差为3.0%~6.3%。 相似文献
28.
We employ vector autoregressive techniques to determine the current state of the labor queue. Unemployment rate differentials
have narrowed in recent years, potentially due to a change in the queue ordering, though a tight labor market and a stable
queue would yield similar results. We find no evidence that the queue ordering has changed, which brings into question the
resiliency of gains made by minority groups. We employ the same techniques to reveal the state of the queue across geographic
regions and find that substantial differences exist across regions, implying variation in the relative labor force status
of demographic groups. 相似文献
29.
Point processes are the stochastic models most suitable for describing physical phenomena that appear at irregularly spaced
times, such as the earthquakes. These processes are uniquely characterized by their conditional intensity, that is, by the
probability that an event will occur in the infinitesimal interval (t, t+Δt), given the history of the process up tot. The seismic phenomenon displays different behaviours on different time and size scales; in particular, the occurrence of
destructive shocks over some centuries in a seismogenic region may be explained by the elastic rebound theory. This theory
has inspired the so-called stress release models: their conditional intensity translates the idea that an earthquake produces
a sudden decrease in the amount of strain accumulated gradually over time along a fault, and the subsequent event occurs when
the stress exceeds the strength of the medium. This study has a double objective: the formulation of these models in the Bayesian
framework, and the assignment to each event of a mark, that is its magnitude, modelled through a distribution that depends
at timet on the stress level accumulated up to that instant. The resulting parameter space is constrained and dependent on the data,
complicating Bayesian computation and analysis. We have resorted to Monte Carlo methods to solve these problems. 相似文献
30.
Michael S. Rendall Ryan Admiraal Alessandra DeRose Paola DiGiulio Mark S. Handcock Filomena Racioppi 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2008,17(4):519-539
In non-experimental research, data on the same population process may be collected simultaneously by more than one instrument.
For example, in the present application, two sample surveys and a population birth registration system all collect observations
on first births by age and year, while the two surveys additionally collect information on women’s education. To make maximum
use of the three data sources, the survey data are pooled and the population data introduced as constraints in a logistic
regression equation. Reductions in standard errors about the age and birth-cohort parameters of the regression equation in
the order of three-quarters are obtained by introducing the population data as constraints. A halving of the standard errors
about the education parameters is achieved by pooling observations from the larger survey dataset with those from the smaller
survey. The percentage reduction in the standard errors through imposing population constraints is independent of the total
survey sample size. 相似文献